Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Question 4

Experimental Psychology

Answer 4

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Question 5

Behaviorism

Answer 5

The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Question 6

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 6

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth.

Question 7

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 8

Psychology

Answer 8

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Question 9

Nature-Nurture issue

Answer 9

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that jeans and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today sciences traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 10

Natural selection

Answer 10

The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to the succeeding generations.

Question 11

Levels of analysis

Answer 11

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 12

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 12

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis.

Question 13

Biological Psychology

Answer 13

A branch oh psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.

Question 14

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 14

The study of the roots of behavior and mental process using the principles of natural selection.

Question 15

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 15

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

Question 16

Behavioral psychology

Answer 16

The scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s explanation by principles of learning.

Question 17

Cognitive psychology

Answer 17

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 18

Social-Cultural Psychology

Answer 18

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

Question 19

Psychometrics

Answer 19

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 20

Basic Research

Answer 20

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 21

Development Psychology

Answer 21

The scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Question 22

Educational Psychology

Answer 22

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Question 23

Personality Psychology

Answer 23

The study of an individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 24

Social Psychology

Answer 24

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 25

Applied Research

Answer 25

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Question 26

Industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 26

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 27

Human factors psychology

Answer 27

The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments.

Question 28

Counseling Psychology

Answer 28

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 29

Clinical Psychology

Answer 29

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 30

Psychiatry

Answer 30

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practice by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Question 31

SQ3R

Answer 31

Survey Question Read Recite Review