Chapter 8: Transport In Plant Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of xylem

A

transport of water and mineral ions, and support

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2
Q

Function of phloem

A

transport of sucrose and amino acids

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3
Q

Positions of phloem and xylem

A

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTFQ7gEpzKGa8rPeKtgt7OZGUoI1IFWuVCv-kLg0aRnCKHdL7b-NO9ZVaii&s=10
Xylem is always on the inside while phloem is on outside

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4
Q

Structure of xylem vessels

A

(a) thick walls with lignin (to withstand pressure changes as water moves through plant)
(b) no cell contents
(c) cells joined end to end with no cross walls to form a long continuous tube

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5
Q

Root hair cell function

A

Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis

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6
Q

Function of root hair cells

A

Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis

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7
Q

Why do root hair cells have a large surface area?

A

large surface area of root hairs increases the uptake of water and mineral ions

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8
Q

Pathway taken by water in plants

A

root hair cells, root cortex cells, xylem, mesophyll cells

https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/w=1920,f=auto/uploads/2020/01/Pathway-of-water-into-and-across-a-root.png

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9
Q

Describe transpiration

A

the loss of water vapour from leaves

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10
Q

Steps of transpiration in plants?

A

water evaporates from the surfaces of the mesophyll cells into the air spaces and then diffuses out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour

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11
Q

What is water vapour relative of?

A

the large internal surface area provided by the interconnecting air spaces between mesophyll cells and the size and number of stomata

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12
Q

How does transpiration contribute to water movement in xylem?

A

transpiration pull draws up a column of water molecules, held together by forces of attraction between water molecules

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13
Q

Factors that affect the rate of transpiration

A
  • Temperature: Higher temperatures increase transpiration as the air can hold more water vapor.
  • Humidity: Lower humidity (drier air) increases transpiration as the air has a higher capacity to absorb water vapor.
  • Wind speed: Increased wind speed enhances the removal of water vapor from the leaf surface, increasing transpiration.
  • Light intensity: Higher light intensity can increase the stomatal opening, leading to increased transpiration.
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14
Q

Explain how and why wilting occurs

A

​When the leaves lose a lot of water from transpiration, the leaves start to face down away from direct sunlight so the leaves don’t get too hot and therefore the leaves are able to absorb more water.

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15
Q

Translocation

A

the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks

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16
Q

Describe source

A

the parts of plants that release sucrose or amino acids

17
Q

Describe sink

A

the parts of plants that use or store sucrose or amino acids

18
Q

Describe sink

A

the parts of plants that use or store sucrose or amino acids

19
Q

Explain why some parts of a plant may act as a source and a sink at different times

A

leaves that act as sources when the plant is fully grown are known to act as sinks when the plant is growing. The stems and branches act as a sink, but when they are young, then tender stems are green and perform photosynthesis.