Chapter 1 Classification Flashcards
Movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Respiration
the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity
the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
Growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass
Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Excretion
the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
Species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Binomial system
naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species
What are sequence of DNA used for?
They are used as a means of classification
How do we know which organism are closely related?
organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor
How are organisms classified?
They are classified by evolutionary relationships and physical characteristics.
What are the five kingdoms?
animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist
Animal cell features
- They are multicellular
- Their cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
- Their cells do not have cellulose cell walls and chloroplasts
- They often store carbohydrates as glycogen
- They usually have nervous coordination
Plant features
-They are multicellular
-Their cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
-Their cells have cellulose cell walls and chloroplast
-They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
-They do not have nervous coordination
Fungi
-They are usually multicellular but some are single-celled (e.g. yeast)
-Multicellular fungi are mainly made up of thread-like structures known as hyphae that contain many nuclei and are organised into a network known as a mycelium
-Their cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
-Their cells have cell walls made of chitin and do not contain chloroplasts
saprotrophic nutrition (decaying organic matter) and Some fungi are parasitic (feed on living material)
-They do not have nervous coordination
Protoctists features
- They are mainly microscopic and single-celled but some aggregate (group together) into larger forms
- Their cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
- some have animal features and some have cell walls and chloroplast
-They do not have nervous coordination
Examples of protoctists include: amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium, Chlorella
Prokaryotic features
always single-celled and do not contain a membrane bound nucleus.
Animal Kingdom
Vertebrates and Arthropods
Vertebrates
Mammal
Fish
Bird
Amphibian
Reptiles
Arthropods
myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans
Mammal features
Fur and hair on skin
Have placenta
Young feed on milk from mammary gland
External ears ( pinna)
Endothermic (warm blooded)
Birds
Feathers
2 legs and 2 wings
Lay eggs with hard shells in land
Have a beak
Endothermic
Reptiles
Dry fixed scale in skin
Lay eggs with rubbery shell on land
Are cold blooded
Amphibians
Smooth moist skin
Adults live on land (lungs) larvae live in water( gills)
Lay eggs without shell in water
Fish
Loose wet scales on skin
Gills to breathe
Lay eggs without shell in water
myriapods
- BODY CONSISTS OF MANY SEGMENTS
- EACH SEGMENT CONTAINS AT LEAST ^ PAIR OF JOINTED LEGS
- 1 PAIR OF ANTENNAE
Insect
- 3 PART BODY - HEAD, THORAX AND ABDOMEN
- 3 PAIRS OF JOINTED LEGS
- 2 PAIRS OF WINGS
- 1 PAIR OF ANTENNAE
Arachnid
- 2 PART BODY - CEPHALOTHORAX AND ABDOMEN
- 4 PAIRS OF JOINTED LEGS
- NO ANTENNAE
CRUSTACEANS
- MORE THAN 4 PAIRS OF JOINTED LEGS
- CHALKY EXOSKELETON FORMED FROM CALCIUM
- BREATHE THROUGH GILLS
- 2 PAIRS OF ANTENNAE
Fern plants
Have leaves called fronds
Reproduce through spores rather than by producing seeds
Flowering plants
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Divide into two monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
monocotyledons petals are multiple of 3 while dicotyledons contains petals of multiple of 4 or 5.
Leaves from monocotyledons have parallel leaf veins while dicotyledons have reticulated leaf veins.
Feature of virus
Genetic material inside a protein coat
Classification of plants
Flowering and fern plants
