Chapter 2 Flashcards
Cell organelles in plants and animals
Plant: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles
Animal: no chloroplast, cell wall and vacuoles
Bacterial cells structure
cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles
Function of Nucleus
Contains genetic material in chromosomes which control how the cell works and grows
Control cell division
Function of cytoplasm
Support cell structure
Site of many chemical reactions
Contains water and many solutes
Function of cell membrane
Controls substances entering and leaving cell
Holds cell together
Function of cell wall
Gives cell extra support and defines its shape
Function of chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy required for photosynthesis.
Function of vacuole
Contains cell sap
Storage of certain materials
Help support shape of cell
Function of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
More mitochondria if high rate of reaction
Function of ribosome
Site of protein production in protein synthesis
Function of plasmids
contain additional genes, such as for antibiotic resistance
How are new cells produced?
new cells are produced by division of existing cells
Function of ciliated cells
movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi
Function of root hair cells
absorption
Function of palisade mesophyll cells
Photosynthesis
Function of neurons
conduction of electrical impulses
Function of red blood cells
transport of oxygen
Function of sperms and egg cells
Reproduction
Cell and tissue
Cells: Basic functional and structural units in a living organism
Tissue: group of similar cells preforming same function
Organ, organ system
Organ: different tissues working together
Organ system: group of organs working together to preform body function
Magnification
image size ÷ actual size
mm to micrometer
1mm = 1000 micrometers
