Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 > Chapter 8 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - The Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

olfactory - involved in sense of smell (sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

optic - involved in sense of vision (sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

oculomotor - involved in movement of eyes, controlling both the exterior and interior parts (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

trochlear - involved in muscles that move the eyes (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

trigeminal - involved in eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, teeth, gums, lips and muscles of the mouth (sensory and motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

abducens - involved with muscle conditioning (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

facial - involved with taste, facial expressions, tear glands, and salivary glands (sensory and motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

vestibulocochlear - involved in hearing and equilibrium (sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal - involved in pharynx, tonsils, tongue, and carotid arteries, stimulates salivary glands (sensory and motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

vagus - involved in speech, swallowing, heart muscles, smooth muscles and certain glands (sensory and motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

accessory (cranial and spinal) - involved in muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, neck and back (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

hypoglossal - involved in muscles that move the tongue (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acetylcholine

A

chemical neurotransmitter that stimulates cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

afferent neuron (sensory)

A

neuron that carries information from the sensory receptyors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

arachnoid

A

middle layer of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

astrocyte, astroglia

A

a type of neuroglia that maintains nutrient and chemical levels in neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of the peripherial nervous system that carries impulses from tyhe CNS to glands, smooth muscels, cardiac muscles, and various membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

axon

A

part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

basal ganglia

A

large masses of gray matter within the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

brain

A

body organ responsible for controlling the body’s functions and interactions with outside stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

brainstem

A

one of the four major divisions of the brain; division that controls cetain herat, lung and visual functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cell body

A

part of a nerve cell that has branches or fivers that reach out to send or receive impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CNS; central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cerebellum from Latin little brain

A

one of the four major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer portion fo the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cerebrum

A

one of the four major divisions of the brain; division that is involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretations, and certain bodily movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

conductivity

A

ability to transmit a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

convolutions; gyrus

A

folds in the cerebral cortex; gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

corpus callosum

A

bridge of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cranial nerves

A

the 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cranium

A

bony structure that the brain sits in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dendrite

A

a thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

diencephalon

A

one of the four major divisions of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain contains the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dura mater

A

outermost layer of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

efferent neuron (motor)

A

neuron that carries information to the muscles and glands from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

epidural space

A

area between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

epithalamus

A

one of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

excitability

A

ability to respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

fissure

A

one of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

frontal lobe

A

one of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum; contains voluntary motor movements, emotional expression and moral behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

hypothalamus

A

one of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

interneuron

A

neruon that carries and processes sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

medulla oblongata

A

part of the brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions; swallowing, vomiting, coughing and sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

meininges

A

three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

microglia

A

a type of neuroglia that removes debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

midbrain

A

part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue that covers axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

nerve

A

bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

nerve cell; neuron

A

basic cell of the nervous system having three parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

nerve impulse

A

released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

neurilemma

A

membranous covering that protects the myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

neroglia, neroglial cell

A

cells of the nervous system that does not trasnmit impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

neurotransmitters

A

various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

occipital lobe

A

one of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum; controls vision and various forms of expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

oligodendroglia

A

a type of nerugolia that produces myelin (in the CNS) and helps to support neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state (rest and digset)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

parietal lobe

A

one of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum; controls and interprets the senses and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

pia mater

A

innermost layer of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

pons

A

part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

receptors

A

tissue or organ that receives nerve impules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

somatic nervous sysem

A

part of the peripherphal nervous system that recevies and processes sensory input from various parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

spinal cord

A

ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

spinal nerves

A

any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

stimulus

A

anything that arouses a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

subdural space

A

area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

synapse

A

space over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

temporal lobe

A

one of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum; controls memory, equilibrium, emotion and hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

terminal end fibers

A

group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaaving the neuron to the next neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

thalamus

A

one of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

ventral thalamus

A

one of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

ventricle

A

cavity in the brain for CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

cerebell(o)

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

cerebr(o), cerebri

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

crani(o)

A

cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

encephal(o)

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

gangli(o)

A

ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

gli(o)

A

neuroglia

79
Q

mening(o), meningi(o)

A

meninges

80
Q

myel(o)

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

81
Q

neur(o), neuri

A

nerve

82
Q

spin(o)

A

spine

83
Q

thalam(o)

A

thalaus

84
Q

vag(o)

A

vagus nerve

85
Q

ventricul(o)

A

ventricle

86
Q

Ach

A

acetylcholine

87
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

88
Q

BBB

A

blood-brain barrier

89
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

90
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

91
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

92
Q

CT/CAT scan

A

computerized (axial) tomogrpahy

93
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

94
Q

CVD

A

cerebrovascular disease

95
Q

PNS

A

parasympathetic nervous system

96
Q

Babinski’s reflex

A

reflex on the plantar surface of the foot

97
Q

cerebral angiogram

A

x-ray of the brain’s blood vessels after a dye is injected

98
Q

computerized (axial) tomogrpahy

A

radiographic imaging that produces cross-sectional images

99
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of the electrical impulses of the brain

100
Q

encephalogram

A

record of the radiographci study of the ventricles of the brain

101
Q

evoked potentials

A

record of the electrical wave patterns observed in an EEG

102
Q

lumbar (spinal) puncture

A

withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from between two lumbar vertebrae

103
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray of the spinal cord after a contrast medium has been injected

104
Q

nerve conduction velocity

A

timing of the conductivity of an electrical shock administered to peripheral neres

105
Q

PET (positron emission tomography)

A

imaging of the bain using radioactive isotopes and tomography

106
Q

polysomnography

A

recording of electrical and movement patterns during sleep

107
Q

reflex

A

involuntary muscular contraction in response to a stimulus

108
Q

SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) brain scan

A

brain image produced by the use of radioactive isotopes

109
Q

transcranial sonogram

A

brain images producted by the use of sound waves

110
Q

absence seizure; petit mal seizure

A

mild epilpetic seizure consisting of brief disorentation with the environment

111
Q

agnosia

A

inability to receive and understand outside stimuli

112
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and eventually, death

113
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory

114
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Lou Gehrig’s disease

A

degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to loss of muscular control and death

115
Q

aneurysm

A

abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and releases blood

116
Q

aphasia

A

loss of speech

117
Q

apraxia

A

inabiliy to properly use familiar objects

118
Q

astrocytoma

A

type of glioma formed from astrocytes

119
Q

ataxia

A

condition with incoordinated volunatry muscular movement, usually resulting from disorders of the cerebellum or spinal cord

120
Q

aura

A

group of symptoms that precede a seizure

121
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

meningitis caused by a bacteria; pyrogenic meningitis

122
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary

123
Q

brain contusion

A

bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration

124
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

125
Q

cerebral infarction; cerebrovascular accident; stroke

A

neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

126
Q

cerebral palsy

A

congenital disease cuased by famage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth and resulting in lack of motor coordination

127
Q

coma

A

abnormally deep sleep with little or no response to stimuli

128
Q

concussion

A

brain injury due to trauma

129
Q

dementia

A

deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly

130
Q

demyelination

A

destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in MS

131
Q

dopamine

A

substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

132
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura mater

133
Q

dysphasia

A

speech difficulty

134
Q

embolic stroke

A

sudden stroke caused by an embolus

135
Q

embolus

A

clot from somewhere in the body that travels and blocks a small blood vessel (in the brain or in the lungs)

136
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

137
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic recurrent seizure activity

138
Q

fainting; syncope

A

loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain

139
Q

gait

A

manner of walking

140
Q

gangliitis

A

inflammation of a ganglion

141
Q

ganglion

A

any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripehral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist

142
Q

glioblastoma multiforme

A

most malignant type of glioma

143
Q

glioma

A

tumor that arises from neuroglia

144
Q

tonic-clonic seizure, grand mal seizure

A

severe eplipetic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

145
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery

146
Q

Huntington’s chorea

A

Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements

147
Q

hydrocephalus

A

overprduction of fluid in the brain

148
Q

meningioma

A

tumor that arises from the meninges

149
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

150
Q

meningocele

A

in spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin

151
Q

meningomyelocele

A

in spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin

152
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis

153
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

disease involing overproduction of antibodies that block ceratin neurotransmitters; causes muscle weakness

154
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

155
Q

narcolepsy

A

nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep

156
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of the nerves

157
Q

occlusion

A

blocking of a blood vessel

158
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

type of glioma formed from oligodendroglia

159
Q

palsy

A

partial or complete paralysis

160
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation, such as tingling

161
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

degeneration of nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine

162
Q

pyrogenic meningitis

A

meningitis caused by bacteria; can be fatal; bacterial meningitis

163
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the spinal nerve roots

164
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve

165
Q

shingles

A

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves

166
Q

somnambulism

A

sleepwalking

167
Q

somnolence

A

extreme sleepingess caused by a neurological disorder

168
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect of the spinal column

169
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the CNS and eventually death

170
Q

thrombotic stroke

A

stroke caused by a thrombus

171
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

172
Q

tics

A

twitching movements that accompany some neurological disorders

173
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

neurological disorder that cuases uncontrollabel speech sounds and tics

174
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

short neurological incident usuallyl not resulting in permannet injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur

175
Q

viral meningitis

A

meningitis cuased by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis

176
Q

Cordotomy

A

Removing part of the spinal cord

177
Q

Craniectomy

A

Removal of a part of the skull

178
Q

Craniotomy

A

Incision into the skull

179
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a portion of the brain to treat certain disorders

180
Q

Lobotomy

A

Incision into the frontal lobe of the brain

181
Q

Neurectomy

A

Surgical removal of a nerve

182
Q

Neuroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a nerve

183
Q

Neurorrhaphy

A

Suturing of a severed nerve

184
Q

Neurosurgeon

A

Medical specialist who performs surgery on the brain and spinal cord

185
Q

Neurotomy

A

dissection of a nerve

186
Q

Stereotaxy, stereotactic surgery

A

Destruction of deep-seated brain structures using three-dimensional coordinates to locate the structures

187
Q

terphination, trepanation

A

Circular incision into the skull

188
Q

Vagotomy

A

surgical severing of the vagus nerve

189
Q

Analgesic

A

Agent that relieves or eliminates pain

190
Q

Anesthetic

A

Agent that causes loss of feeling or sensation

191
Q

anticonvulsants

A

Anticonvulsants agent that lessens or prevents convulsions

192
Q

Hypnotic

A

Agent that induces sleep

193
Q

Narcotic

A

Agent that relieves pain by inducing a stuporous or euphoric state

194
Q

Sedative

A

Agent that relieves feelings of agitation

Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions