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Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 > Chapter 6 - The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exits the heart

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2
Q

Aortic valve

A

Valve between the aorta and left ventricle

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3
Q

Arteriole

A

a tiny artery connecting to a capillary

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4
Q

Artery

A

A thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Atrioventricular bundle, Bundle of His

A

bundle of fiberss in the interventricuular septum that transfers charges in the heart’s conduction system; also called bundle of His

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6
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His

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7
Q

atrioventricular valve

A

One of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles

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8
Q

atrium (pl. atria)

A

Either of the two upper chambers of the heart

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9
Q

Bicuspid valve, Mitral valve

A

atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart

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10
Q

blood

A

Essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and remove waste from the body cells

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11
Q

Blood pressure

A

Measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries

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12
Q

Blood vessel

A

Any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system in which blood travels

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13
Q

Capillary

A

The smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between arterial and venous vessels

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14
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Waste material transported in the venous blood

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15
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Repeated contraction and relaxation of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs

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16
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Relating to or affecting the heart and blood vessels

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17
Q

Carotid artery

A

Artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck

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18
Q

Conduction system

A

Part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals

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19
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart

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20
Q

Depolarization

A

Contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart’s conduction system

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21
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of a heartbeat

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22
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus’s nonfunctioning lungs

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23
Q

ductus venosus

A

stcutrue in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flow to bypass the fetal liver

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24
Q

Endocardium

A

Membranous lining of the chambers and valves of a heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue

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25
Q

Endothelium

A

Lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood

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26
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of heart tissue

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27
Q

Femoral artery

A

An Artery that supplies blood to the thigh

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28
Q

Foreman ovale

A

Opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth

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29
Q

heart

A

Muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and sends it into the arteries

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30
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Large Vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

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31
Q

Left atrium

A

Upper left heart chamber

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32
Q

Left ventricle

A

Lower left heart chamber

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33
Q

lumen

A

Channel inside an artery through which blood flows

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34
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium

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35
Q

Pacemaker

A

Term for the sinoatrial node (SA node); Also, an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm

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36
Q

Pericardium

A

Protective covering of the heart

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37
Q

Polarization

A

Resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart

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38
Q

Popliteal artery

A

An artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee

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39
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

One of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the hearts to the lungs

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40
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries

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41
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

one of four veins then bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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42
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually in artery

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43
Q

Repolarization

A

Recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart

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44
Q

Right atrium

A

upper right chamber of the heart

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45
Q

Right ventricle

A

Lower right chamber of the heart

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46
Q

Saphenous vein

A

Any of a group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs

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47
Q

Semi lunar valves

A

One of the two valves that prevent the backflow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery

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48
Q

Septum (pl. septa)

A

Partition between the left and right chambers of the heart

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49
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Region of the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract

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50
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal heart rhythm

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51
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart

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52
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat

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53
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Atrioventricular valve on the right side of heart

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54
Q

Valve

A

Any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid flow from going backward or forward

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55
Q

vein

A

Any of various blood vessels caring deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein

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56
Q

Vena cava (pl. vena cavae)

A

See superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

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57
Q

Ventricle

A

Either of the two lower chambers of the heart

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58
Q

venule

A

A tiny vein connecting to capillary

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59
Q

angi(o)

A

blood vessel

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60
Q

aort(o)

A

aorta

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61
Q

arteri(o), arter(o)

A

artery

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62
Q

ather(o)

A

fatty matter

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63
Q

atri(o)

A

atrium

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64
Q

cardi(o)

A

heart

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65
Q

hemangi(o)

A

blood vessel

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66
Q

pericardi(o)

A

pericardium

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67
Q

phleb(o)

A

vein

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68
Q

sphygm(o)

A

pulse

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69
Q

thromb(o)

A

blood clot

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70
Q

vas(o)

A

blood vessel

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71
Q

ven(o)

A

vein

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72
Q

AcG

A

accelerator globulin

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73
Q

AF

A

atrial fibrillation

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74
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

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75
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

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76
Q

ASCVD

A

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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77
Q

ASD

A

Atrial septal defect

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78
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

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79
Q

AV

A

Atrioventricular

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80
Q

BP

A

Blood pressure

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81
Q

bpm

A

Beats per minutes

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82
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

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83
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

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84
Q

cath

A

Catheter

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85
Q

CCU

A

Coronary care unit

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86
Q

CHD

A

Coronary heart disease

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87
Q

CHF

A

Congested heart failure

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88
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

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89
Q

CPK

A

creatine phosphokinase

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90
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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91
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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92
Q

CVD

A

Cardiovascular disease

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93
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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94
Q

DSA

A

Digital subtraction angiography

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95
Q

DVT

A

Deep venous thrombosis

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96
Q

ECG, EKG

A

Electrocardiogram

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97
Q

echo

A

Echocardiogram

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98
Q

ETT

A

Exercise tolerance test

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99
Q

GOT

A

glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

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100
Q

HDL

A

High-density lipoprotein

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101
Q

HR

A

Heart rate

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102
Q

LDH

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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103
Q

LC

A

Left ventricle

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104
Q

LDL

A

Low density lipoprotein

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105
Q

LVH

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

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106
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction; Mitral insufficiency

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107
Q

MR

A

Mitral regurgitation

108
Q

MS

A

Mitral stenosis

109
Q

MUGA

A

Multiple-gated acquisition scan

110
Q

MVP

A

Mitral valve prolapse

111
Q

PAC

A

Premature atrial contraction

112
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

113
Q

PVC

A

Premature ventricular contraction

114
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

115
Q

SV

A

Stroke volume

116
Q

TC

A

Total cholesterol

117
Q

tPA, TPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

118
Q

VLDL

A

Very low density lipoprotein

119
Q

VSD

A

Ventricular septal defect

120
Q

VT

A

Ventricular tachycardia

121
Q

angiocardiography

A

Viewing of the heart and its major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of contrast medium

122
Q

Angiography

A

Viewing of the heart’s major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

123
Q

aortography

A

Viewing of the aorta by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

124
Q

Arteriography

A

Viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

125
Q

Auscultation

A

Process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope

126
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject a contrast medium, or measure various pressures

127
Q

Cardiac enzymes tests/studies

A

Blood test for determining levels of enzymes during myocardial infarction; Serum enzyme tests

128
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Viewing of the heart by magnetic resonance imaging

129
Q

Cardiac scan

A

Process of viewing the heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom a radioactive substance has been injected

130
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream, sometimes causing arterial plaque to form

131
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

Use a two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results

132
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels

133
Q

Echocardiography

A

Use of sound waves to produce images showing the structure and motion of the heart

134
Q

Ejection fraction

A

Percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction

135
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis

136
Q

Holter monitor

A

Portable device that provides a 24 hour ECG

137
Q

Lipid profile

A

Laboratory testing provides levels of lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood

138
Q

Multiple-gated acquisition angiography (MUGA)

A

Radioactive scan showing heart function

139
Q

phlebography

A

Viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

140
Q

Positron emission tomography scan (PET) scan

A

Type of nuclear image that measures movement of the areas of the heart

141
Q

serum enzyme tests

A

Laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes presents during or after a myocardial infarction; cardiac enzymes studies

142
Q

Sonography

A

Production of images based on the soundwaves against structures

143
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device for measuring blood pressure

144
Q

Stress test

A

Testament whose heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions while the patient is exercising on a treadmill

145
Q

Triglyceride

A

Fatty substance; lipid

146
Q

Venography

A

veiwing of a vein by x-ray after injection of contrast medium

147
Q

Ventriculogram

A

X-ray of the ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium

148
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall

149
Q

Angina, angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, usually caused by lower oxygen of blood supply to the heart

150
Q

Aortic regurgitation, reflux

A

backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve

151
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta

152
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat

153
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

154
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of an artery or arteries

155
Q

Asystole

A

Cardiac arrest

156
Q

Atheroma

A

A fatty deposit or plaque in the wall of an artery

157
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas

158
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

An irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of AV node

159
Q

Atrioventricular block; heart block

A

Heart block; partial or complete blockage of electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles

160
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Bacterial inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

161
Q

Bradycardia

A

Heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute

162
Q

bruit

A

Sound or murmur, especially in abnormal heart sounds heard on auscultation, especially of the carotid artery

163
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

sudden stopping of the heart

164
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

165
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

166
Q

claudication

A

limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activities; usually subsides during rest

167
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

abnormal narrowing of the aorta

168
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

Heart disease (Usually a type of malformation) that exist at birth

169
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability of the heart tol pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs results

170
Q

Constriction

A

Compression or narrowing caused by contraction, as of a vessel

171
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart

172
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish or purpleish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood

173
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Formation of a thrombus (clot) In a deep vein, such as in a femoral vein

174
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm

175
Q

Embolus

A

mass of foreign material blocking a vessel

176
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, especially inflammation caused by bacterial or fungal agent

177
Q

Essential hypertension

A

High blood pressure without any known cause

178
Q

Fibrillation

A

Random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm

179
Q

Flutter

A

Regular but very rapid heartbeat

180
Q

gallop

A

triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease

181
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose condition of veins in the anal region

182
Q

High blood pressure, hypertension

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90

183
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

Heart disease caused, or worsened, by high blood pressure

184
Q

Hypotension, low blood pressure

A

Chronic condition with blood pressure below normal

185
Q

Infarct

A

Area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood

186
Q

infarction

A

sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolism or thrombus

187
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscles

188
Q

intracardiac tumor

A

A tumor within one of the heart chambers

189
Q

Ischemia

A

Localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction

190
Q

Mitral insufficiency or reflux

A

backwardd flow of = blood due to damaged mitral valve

191
Q

mitral stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing at the opening valve

192
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

backward flow of blood into the left atrium due to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into left atrium during contractions

193
Q

Murmur

A

Soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats

194
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Sudden drop in supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery

195
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium

196
Q

necrosis

A

Death of tissue or an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation

197
Q

occlusion

A

The closing of the blood vessel

198
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest

199
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

A condition at birth in which the ductus arteriosus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, remains abnormally open

200
Q

Perfusion deficit

A

Lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion

201
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

202
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or lower legs

203
Q

Petechiae (si. petechia)

A

Minute hemorrhages in the skin

204
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein

205
Q

Plaque

A

Buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery

206
Q

Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

A

atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

207
Q

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

A

Ventricular contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

208
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate

209
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs

210
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Spasm in the arteries of the fingers causing numbness or pain

211
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart valve and or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection

212
Q

Risk factor

A

Any of various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and smoking are considered risk factors for heart disease

213
Q

Rub

A

Frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating of pericardial murmur

214
Q

Secondary hypertension

A

Hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease

215
Q

Septal defect

A

Congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles

216
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or other cardiac valves

217
Q

Tachycardia

A

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minutes

218
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

Set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy

219
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein with the thrombus

220
Q

Thrombosis

A

Presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel

221
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

narrowing caused by a thrombus

222
Q

Thrombus

A

Stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually form from matter found in the blood

223
Q

Tricuspid stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve

224
Q

valvulitis

A

Inflammation of a heart valve

225
Q

varicose vien

A

Dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg

226
Q

Vegetation

A

Clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection

227
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them

228
Q

Angioplasty, Coronary angioplasty

A

Opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dilation

229
Q

angioscopy

A

viewing of the interior of a blood vessel using fiber optic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel

230
Q

arteriotomy

A

surgical incision in to an artery, especially to remove a clot

231
Q

atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of an atheroma

232
Q

Balloon catheter dilation, Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A

Insertion of a balloon catheter into the blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely

233
Q

Balloon valvuloplasty

A

Procedure that uses a balloon catheter to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves

234
Q

Bypass, coronary bypass surgery

A

A structure (Usually a vein graft) That creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages in arteries

235
Q

Cardio pulmonary bypass

A

Procedure used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart through a heart-lung machine and back into circulation

236
Q

Embolectomy

A

Surgical removal of an embolus

237
Q

endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the disease portion of the lining of an artery

238
Q

endovascular surgery

A

Any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy

239
Q

Fontan’s operation

A

Surgical procedure that creates a bypass from the right atrium to the main pulmonary artery; Fontan’s procedure

240
Q

Graft

A

Any tissue organ implants it’s replace or mend damaged areas

241
Q

Heart transplant

A

Implantation of the heart of the person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart cannot sustain life

242
Q

Hemorrhoidectomy

A

Surgical removal of hemorrhoids

243
Q

Intravascular stent

A

Stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely

244
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Drawing blood from a vein via a small incision

245
Q

Stent

A

Surgically implanted device used to hold something open, as a blood vessel

246
Q

Thrombectomy

A

Surgical removal of a thrombus

247
Q

Valve replacement

A

Surgical replacement of a coronary valve

248
Q

valvotomy

A

Incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction

249
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve

250
Q

Venipuncture

A

Small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution

251
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

A

Medication use for heart failure and other cardiovascular problems; acts by dilating arteries to lower blood pressure and makes heart pump easier

252
Q

Anti-anginal

A

Agent used to relieve or prevent attacks of angina

253
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Agent used to help normalize cardiac rhythm

254
Q

Anti-clotting agent, anticoagulant

A

Agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots

255
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Agent that helps control high blood pressure

256
Q

Beta blocker

A

Agent that lowers blood pressure by reducing contraction strength of the heart muscle; slows heartbeat

257
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Medication that lessens the ability of calcium ions to enter heart and blood vessel muscle cells;Used to lower blood pressure and normalize some arrhythmias

258
Q

Cardiotonic

A

Medication for congestive heart failure; increases the force of contractions of the myocardium

259
Q

Diuretic

A

Medication that promotes the excretion of urine

260
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant present in the body; also, synthetic version administered to prevent clotting

261
Q

Lipid-lowering

A

Helpful in lowering cholesterol levels

262
Q

Nitrate

A

Any of several medications that dilate the veins, arteries, or coronary arteries; used to control angina

263
Q

Statins

A

A class of lipid-lowering agents that are the most frequently used today

264
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Agent that dissolves a thrombus

265
Q

Tissue- type plasminogen activator

A

Agent that prevents a thrombus from forming

266
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Agent that narrows the blood vessels

267
Q

Vasodilator

A

Agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels

Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 (8 decks)

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