Chapter 5 - The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
acetabulum
A
cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits
2
Q
acromion
A
part of scapula that connects to clavicle
3
Q
amphiarthrosis (pl. amphiarthroses) from Greek amphi- (both) + -arthrosis (joint)
A
cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones (i.e. vertebrae joint)
4
Q
ankle
A
hinged area between lower leg bones and bones of foot
5
Q
articular cartilage
A
cartilage at a joint
6
Q
articulation
A
point at which two bones join together to allow movement
7
Q
atlas
A
first cervical vertebrae
8
Q
axis
A
second cervical vertebrae
9
Q
bone
A
hard connective tissue that forms skeleton of the body
10
Q
bone head
A
upper, rounded end of bone
11
Q
bone phagocyte
A
bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris
12
Q
bursa (pl. bursae)
A
sac lined with synovial membrane that fills spaces between tendons and joints
13
Q
calcaneus
A
heel bone
14
Q
calcium
A
mineral important in formation of bone
15
Q
cancellous bone
A
spongy bone with lattice-like structure
16
Q
cardiac muscle
A
striated, involuntary muscle of heart
17
Q
carpus, capral bone
A
wrist; wrist bone
18
Q
cartilage
A
flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton and lining of various parts of body
19
Q
cartilaginous disk; disk from Latin discus, intervetebral disk
A
thick, circular mass of cartilage between vertebrae of spinal column
20
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
seven vertebrae of spinal column located in the neck
21
Q
clavicle
A
curved bone of shoulder that joins to scapula; collar bone
22
Q
coccyx
A
small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone
23
Q
compact bone
A
hard bone with tightly woven structure
24
Q
condyle
A
rounded surface at end of bone
25
crest
bony ridge
26
diaphysis from Greek dia- (through) + -physis (growth)
long middle section of a long bone; shaft
27
diarthrosis (pl. diarthroses) from Greek (articulations)
freely movable joints
28
dorsal vertebrae; thoracic vertebrae
12 vertebrae of the thorax
29
elbow
joint between upper arm and forearm
30
endosteum from end(o)- (within) + Greek osteon (bone)
lining of medullary cavity
31
epiphyseal plate
cartilagionous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops
32
ethmoid bone
irregular bone of face attached to the sphenoid bone
33
ethmoid sinuses
sinuses on both sides of nasal cavities between each eye and sphenoid sinus
34
fascia (pl. fasciae)
sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles
35
femur
long bone of the thigh
36
fibula
smalles long bone of the lower leg
37
fissure
deep furrow or slit
38
flat bones
thin, flattened bones that cover certain areas, as of the skull
39
fontanelle
soft, membranous section on top of an infant's skull
40
foramen
opening or perforation through a bone
41
foramen magnum
opening in occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
42
fossa (pl. fossae)
despression, as in a bone
43
frontal bone
large bone of skull that forms the top of the head and forehead
44
frontal sinuses
sinuses above the eyes
45
heel
back, rounded portion of the foot
46
humerus
long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom
47
ilium
wide portion of the hip bone
48
insertion
point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone
49
involuntary muscle
muscle not movable at will
50
irregular bones
any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull
51
ischium
one of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle
52
joint
place of joining between two or more bones
53
lacrimal bone
thin, flat bone of the face
54
lamina (pl. laminae)
thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra
55
ligament
sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone
56
long bone
any bone of the extremities with a shaft
57
lumbar vetebrae
five vertebrae of the lower back
58
malleolus (pl. malleoli)
rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle
59
mandible; mandibular bone
u-shaped bone of the lower jaw
60
marrow
connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients
61
mastoid process
protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear
62
maxillary bone
bone of the upper jaw
63
maxillary sinus
sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes
64
medullary cavity
soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow
65
metacarpal, from meta- (behind) + carpal (of the wrist)
one of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers
66
metaphysis, from meta- (behind) + physis (growth)
section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
67
metatarsal bones, from meta- (behind) + tarsus
bones of foot between the instep (arch) and the toes
68
muscle
connective tissue that plays a major role in body movement
69
musculoskeletal system
system of body including muscles and bones
70
nasal bones
bones the form the bridge of the nose
71
nasal cavity
cavity on either side of the nasal septum
72
neural canal
space through which the spinal cord passes
73
nucleus pulposus
fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervetebral disk
74
occipital bone
bone that froms the lower back portion of the skull
75
olecranon
curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow
76
origin
point at which muscles attach to stationary bone
77
osseous tissue
connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited
78
ossification
hardening into bone
79
osteoblast from osteo- (bone) + -blast (forming)
cell that forms bone
80
osteoblast from osteo- (bone) + -clast (breaking)
large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue
81
osteocyte from osteo- (bone) + -cyte (cell)
bone cell
82
palatine bone
bone that helps form the hard palate and nasal cavity; located behind the maxillary bones
83
parietal bone
flat, curved bone on either side of the upper part of the skull
84
patella
large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap
85
pelvic cavity
cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic gridle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder and rectum
86
pelvic girdle
hip bones
87
pelvis
cup-shpaed ring of bone and ligaments at the base of the trunk
88
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering the surface of the bone
89
phalanx (pl. phalanges)
long bones of the fingers and toes
90
phosphorus
mineral important to the formation of bone
91
process
bony outgrowth or projection
92
pubes
anteroinferior portion of the hip bone
93
pubic symphysis
joint between the two pubic bones
94
radius
shorter bone of the forearm
95
rib
one of 24 bones that form the chest wall
96
sacrum
penultimate spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis
97
scapula
large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade
98
sella turcica
bony depresion in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
99
sesamoid bone
bone formed in a tendon over a joint
100
shin
anterior ridge of the tibia
101
short bones
square-shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides
102
sinus
hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose
103
skeleton
bony framework of the body
104
smooth muscle
fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily
105
sphenoid bone
bone that forms the base of the skull
106
sphenoid sinus
sinus above and behind the nose
107
spinal column
column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx
108
spinous process
protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch
109
spongy bone
bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow
110
sternum
long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax
111
striated muscle
muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will
112
styloid process
peg-shaped protrusion from a bone
113
sulcus (pl. sulci) from Latin (furrow)
groove or furrow in the surface of a bone
114
suture
joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane
115
symphysis from Greek sym- (together) + -physis (growth)
type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones
116
synarthrosis
fibrous joint with no movement
117
synovial fluid
fluid that lubricates joints
118
synovial joint
a joint that moves
119
synovial membrane
connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid
120
tarsus, tarsal bones
seven bones of the instep (arch) of foot
121
temporal bone
large bone forming the base and sides of the skull
122
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone and the mandible
123
tendon
fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structures
124
thorax
part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest
125
tibia
larger of the two lower leg bones
126
transverse process
protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch
127
trochanter
bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur
128
true ribs
seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum
129
tubercle
slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached
130
tuberosity
large elevation in the surface of a bone
131
ulna
larger bone of the forearm
132
vertebra (pl. vertebrae)
one of the bony segments of the spinal column
133
vertebral body
main portion of the vertebra, separate from the arches of the vertebra
134
vertebral column
spinal column
135
visceral muscle
smooth muscle
136
vitamin D
vitamin important to the formation of bone
137
voluntary muscle
striated muscle
138
vomer
flat bone forming the nasal septum
139
zygomatic bone
bone that forms the cheek
140
acetabul(o)
acetabulum
141
acromi(o)
end point of the scapula
142
ankyl(o)
bent, crooked
143
arthr(o)
joint
144
brachi(o)
arm
145
burs(o)
bursa
146
calacne(o)
heel
147
calci(o)
calcium
148
carp(o)
wrist
149
cephal(o)
head
150
cervic(o)
neck
151
chondr(o)
cartilage
152
condy(o)
knob, knuckle
153
cost(o)
rib
154
crani(o)
skull
155
dactyl(o)
fingers, toes
156
fasci(o)
fascia
157
femor(o)
femur
158
fibr(o)
fiber
159
humer(o)
humerus
160
ili(o)
ilium
161
ischi(o)
ischium
162
kyph(o)
hump; bent
163
lamin(o)
lamina
164
leiomy(o)
smooth muscle
165
lumb(o)
lumbar
166
maxill(o)
upper jaw
167
metacarp(o)
metacarpal
168
my(o)
muscle
169
myel(o)
spinal cord; bone marrow
170
oste(o)
bone
171
patell(o)
knee
172
ped(i), ped(o)
foot (child)
173
pelv(i)
pelvis
174
phalang(o)
finger or toe bone
175
pod(o)
foot
176
pub(o)
pubis
177
rachi(o)
spine
178
radi(o)
forearm bone, radius
179
rhabd(o)
rod-shaped
180
rhabdomy(o)
striated muscle
181
scapul(o)
scapula
182
scoli(o)
curved
183
spondyl(o)
vertebra
184
stern(o)
sternum
185
synov(o)
synovial membrane
186
tars(o)
tarsus
187
ten(o), tend(o), tendin(o)
tendon
188
thorac(o)
thorax
189
tibi(o)
tibia
190
uln(o)
ulna
191
vertebr(o)
vertebra
192
A-K
above the knee (amputation)
193
ASIS
anterior superior iliac spine
194
B
bilateral
195
B-K
below the knee (amputation)
196
C1, C2, etc
cervical vertebra
197
Ca
calcium
198
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
199
D1, D2, etc
dorsal vertebra, see thoracic vertebra
200
T1, T2, etc
thoracic vertebra
201
DJD
degenerative joint disease
202
DTR
deep tendon reflex
203
EMG
electromyogram
204
Fx
fracture
205
IM
intramuscular
206
L
left
207
L1, L2, etc
lumbar vertebra
208
MCP
metacarpophalangeal
209
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory druf
210
OA
osteoarthritis
211
P
phosphorus
212
PIP
proximal interphalangeal joints
213
PSIS
posterior superior iliac spine
214
R
right
215
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
216
ROM
range of motion
217
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
218
arthrography
radiography of a joint
219
arthroscopy
examination with an instrument that epxlores the interior of a joint
220
bone scan
radiographic or nuclear medicine image of a bone
221
chiropractor
health care professional who works to align the spinal column so as to treat certain ailments
222
densitometer
device that measures bone density using light and x-rays
223
diskography
radiographic image of an intervertebral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk
224
electromyogram (EMG)
a graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents
225
goniometer
instrument that meaures angles or range of motion in a joint
226
myelography
radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
227
orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon
physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system
228
osteopath
physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures
229
podiatrist
medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot
230
rheumatoid factor test
test used to detect RA
231
rheumatologist
physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorder of the joints and musculoskeletal systems
232
serum calcum
test for calcium in the blood
233
serum creatinine phosphokinase
enzyme active in muscle contraction; usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and in the presence of other degenerative muscle diseases
234
serum phosphorus
test for phosphorus in the blood
235
Tinel's sign
"pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped
236
uric acid test
test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout
237
ankylosis
stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease
238
arhtralgia
severe joint pain
239
arthritis
any of various conditions involving joint inflammation
240
atrophy
wasting away of tissue, organs and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply
241
bony necrosis
death of portions of bone
242
bunion
an inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone
243
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
244
calcar
spur
245
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain and paresthesis in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve
246
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
247
closed fracture
fracture with no open skin wound
248
Colles' fracture
fracture of distal end of radius
249
comminuted fracture
fracture with shattered bones
250
complex fracture
fracture with part of the bone displaced
251
complicated fracture
fracture involving extensive soft tissue injury
252
compound fracture
fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture
253
compression fracture
fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compression of the space betweeen the vertebrae
254
contracture
extreme resistance to stretching of a muscle
255
crepitation, crepitus
noise made by rubbing together of bones
256
degenerative arthritis
arthritis with erosion of the cartilage
257
dislocation
movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement
258
dystonia
abnormal tone in tissues
259
epiphysitis
inflammation of the epiphysis
260
exostosis
abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage
261
flaccid
without tone; relaxed
262
fracture
a break, especially in a bone
263
gouty arthritis, gout
inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals
264
greenstick fracture
fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children
265
hairline fracture
fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation
266
herniated disk
protrusion of an intervetrebral disk into the neural canal
267
hypertrophy
abnormal increase as in muscle size
268
hypotonia
abnormally reduced muscle tension
269
impacted fracture
fracutre in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part
270
incomplete fracture
fracture that does not go entirely through a bone
271
kyphosis
abnormal posterior spine curature
272
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth muscle
273
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
274
lordosis
abnormal anterior spine curvature reslting in a sway back
275
muscular dystrophy
progressive degenrative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs
276
myalgia, myodynia
muscle pain
277
myeloma
bone marrow tumor
278
myoma
benign muscle tumor
279
myositis
inflammation of a muscle
280
open fracture
fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture
281
ostealgia, osteodynia
bone pain
282
osteoarthritis
arthritis with loss of cartilage
283
osteoma
benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible
284
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
285
osteoporosis
degenerative thinning of bone
286
osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone
287
pathological fracture
fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone
288
phantom limb; phantom pain
pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb
289
physical therapy
movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body
290
podagra
pain in the big toe, often associated with gout
291
rhabdomyoma
benign tumor in striated muscle
292
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor in striated muscle
293
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue
294
rickets
disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency
295
rigidity
stiffness
296
rigor
stiffening
297
sciatica
pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition
298
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column
299
sequestrum
piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area
300
simple fracture
fracture with no open skin wound
301
spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
302
spastic
tending to have spasms
303
spina bifida
congential defect with deformity of the spinal column
304
spinal curvature
abnormal curvatrue of the spine
305
spondylolisthesis
degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with one below it; slipped disk
306
spondylolysis
degenerative condition of the moving part of a a vertebra
307
sprain
injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture (can involve a ligament). this is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal than does a fracture and can be more painful
308
spur
bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar
309
strain
injury to a muscle as a result of improrper use or overuse
310
subluxation
partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces
311
talipes calcaneus
deformity of a the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles
312
talipes valgus
foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot
313
talipes varus
foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot
314
tendinitis, tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
315
tetany
painfully long muscle contraction
316
tremor
abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions
317
amputation
cutting off of a limb or part of a limb
318
arthrocentesis
removal of fluid from a joint with use of a puncture needle
319
arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it
320
arthroplasty
surgical replaccement or repair of a joint
321
bone grafting
transplantation of bone from one site to another
322
bunionectomy
removal of a bunion
323
bursectomy
removal of a bursa
324
casting
forming of a cast in a mold; placing of fiberglass or plaster over a body part to prevent its movement
325
external fixation device
device applied externally to hold a limb in place
326
internal fixation device
device, such as a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place
327
laminectomy
removal of part of an intervetebral disk
328
myoplasty
surgical repair of muscle tissue
329
orthosis, orthotic
external appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs
330
osteoclasis
breaking of a bone in order to repair or reposition it
331
osteoplasty
surgical replacement or repair of bone
332
osteotomy
cutting of bone
333
prosthetic device
artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part
334
reduction
return of a part to its normal position
335
splinting
applying a splint to immobilize a body part
336
spondylosyndesis
fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae
337
synovectomy
removal of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane
338
tenotomy
surgical cutting of a tendon
339
traction
dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by atachment of elastic or other devices.
340
analgesic
pain reliever
341
anti-inflammatory (corticorsteroids)
to reduce inflammation
342
muscle relaxant
to relieve stiffness
343
NSAIDs
to reduce inflammation, non-steroidal
