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Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 > Chapter 7 - The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adam’s apple, Thyroid cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of the larynx; larger in males than females

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2
Q

Adenoids

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

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3
Q

Alveolus (pl. alveoli)

A

Air sac at the end of each bronchiole

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4
Q

Apex

A

Topmost section of the long

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5
Q

Base

A

Bottom section of the long

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6
Q

Bronchiole

A

Fine subdivision of the bronchi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

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7
Q

Bronchus (pl. bronchi)

A

One of the two airways from the trachea to the lungs

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like extensions of the cell’s surface that usually provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away

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9
Q

Diaphragm

A

Membranous muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

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11
Q

Exhalation, expiration

A

Breathing out

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12
Q

External nares, nostrils

A

External openings at the base of the nose

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13
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of air between the body and outside environment

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14
Q

Glottis

A

Part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle

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15
Q

hilum

A

Midsection of the lung where the nerves and vessels enter and exit

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16
Q

hypopharynx, Laryngopharynx

A

Part of the pharynx below and behind the larynx

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17
Q

Inferior lobe

A

Bottom lobe of the lung

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18
Q

Inhalation, inspiration

A

Breathing in

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19
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs

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20
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells

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21
Q

Larynx, Voice box

A

Organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between the pharynx and the trachea; voicebox

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22
Q

Lung

A

One of two organs of respiration in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood takes place

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23
Q

Mediastinum

A

Median portion of the thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity

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24
Q

Middle lobe

A

Middle section of the right lung

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25
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Opening in the external nose where air enters the body

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26
Q

Nasal septum

A

Cartilageinous division of external nose

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27
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Portion of the throat above the soft palate

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28
Q

Nose

A

External structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity

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29
Q

Oropharynx

A

Back portion of the mouth, a division of the pharynx

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30
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system

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31
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Area of the nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining

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32
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer layer of the pleura

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33
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

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34
Q

Pharynx, throat

A

Passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat

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35
Q

pleura (pl. pleurae)

A

Double layer of membrane making up outside of the lungs

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36
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between the two pleura

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37
Q

Respiratory system

A

The body’s system for breathing

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38
Q

Respiratory tract

A

Passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs

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39
Q

Septum

A

Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum

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40
Q

Soft palate

A

Flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx

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41
Q

Superior lobe

A

Top most lobe of each lung

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42
Q

Thorax

A

Chest cavity

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43
Q

Trachea, windpipe

A

Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe

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44
Q

visceral pleura

A

Inner layer of the pleura

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45
Q

Vocal chords

A

Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound

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46
Q

adenoid(o)

A

Adenoid, Gland

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47
Q

alveol(o)

A

Alveolus

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48
Q

Bronch(o), bronchi(o)

A

Bronchus

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49
Q

bronchiol(o)

A

Bronchiole

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50
Q

capn(o)

A

Carbon dioxide

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51
Q

epiglott(o)

A

Epiglottis

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52
Q

laryng(o)

A

Larynx

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53
Q

lob(o)

A

Lobe of loung

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54
Q

mediastin(o)

A

Mediastinum

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55
Q

nas(o)

A

Nose

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56
Q

or(o)

A

Mouth

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57
Q

ox(o), oxi-, oxy

A

Oxygen

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58
Q

pharyng(o)

A

Pharynx

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59
Q

phono(o)

A

Sound voice

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60
Q

phren(o)

A

Diaphragm

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61
Q

pleur(o)

A

pleura

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62
Q

pneum(o), pneumon(o)

A

Air, lung

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63
Q

rhin(o)

A

Nose

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64
Q

spir(o)

A

Breathing

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65
Q

steth(o)

A

chest

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66
Q

thorac(o)

A

Thorax, chest

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67
Q

tonsill(o)

A

Tonsils

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68
Q

trache(o)

A

Trachea

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69
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gases

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70
Q

AFB

A

Acid-fast bacillus, tuberculosis

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71
Q

A&P

A

Auscultation and percussion

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72
Q

AP

A

Anteroposterior

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73
Q

ARD

A

Acute respiratory disease

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74
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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75
Q

ARF

A

Acute respiratory failure

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76
Q

BS

A

Breath sounds

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77
Q

COLD

A

Chronic obstructive lung disease

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78
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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79
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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80
Q

DPT

A

Diphtheria, pertussis, Textanus

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81
Q

ENT

A

Ear\nose throat

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82
Q

ET tube

A

Endotracheal intubation tube

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83
Q

FEF

A

Forced expiratory flow

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84
Q

FEV

A

Force expiratory volume

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85
Q

FVC

A

Forced vital capacity

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86
Q

HBOT

A

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

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87
Q

IMV

A

Intermittent mandatory ventilation

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88
Q

IPPB

A

Intermittent positive pressure breathing

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89
Q

IRDS

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

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90
Q

IRV

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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91
Q

CTA

A

Clear to auscultation

92
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

93
Q

DOE

A

Dyspnea on exertion

94
Q

MDI

A

Metered dose inhaler

95
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior

96
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

97
Q

PEEP

A

Positive end expiratory pressure

98
Q

PFT

A

Pulmonary function test

99
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal small nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip

100
Q

RD

A

Respiratory disease

101
Q

RDS

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

102
Q

RLL

A

Right lower lobe of loung

103
Q

RUL

A

Right upper lobe of lung

104
Q

LLL

A

Left lower lobe lung

105
Q

LUL

A

Left upper lobe of lung

106
Q

MBC

A

Maximal breathing capacity

107
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

108
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

109
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

110
Q

T&A

A

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

111
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

112
Q

TLC

A

Total lung capacity

113
Q

TPR

A

Temperature pulse and respiration

114
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

115
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

116
Q

V/Q scan

A

Ventilation/ perfusion scan

117
Q

Arterial blood gases

A

Laboratory test that measures the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide and arterial blood

118
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope

119
Q

bronchial alveolar lavage

A

retrieval of fluid for examintation through a bronchoscope

120
Q

bronchial brushing

A

retrieval of material for biopsy by inseration of a brush through a bronchoscope

121
Q

bronchography

A

radiological picture of trachea and bronchi

122
Q

bronchoscope

A

device used to examine airways

123
Q

endoscope

A

tube used to view a body cavity

124
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the mouth and larynx using an endoscope

125
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinum and all the organs within it using an endoscope

126
Q

nasophayngoscopy

A

examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx using an endoscope

127
Q

peak flow meter

A

device for measuring breathing capacity

128
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the surface of the body to see if lungs are clear

129
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests that measure the mechanics of breathing

130
Q

spirometer

A

testing machine that measures the lungs’ volumen and capacity

131
Q

sputum sample or culture

A

culture of material that is expectorated

132
Q

sweat test

A

test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat

133
Q

throat culture

A

test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain baterica grow

134
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

135
Q

anthracosis; black lung disease

A

lung disesae caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease

136
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing

137
Q

asbestosis

A

lung disorder cuased by long-trem inhalation of asbestos

138
Q

asthma

A

chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of the bronchial airways

139
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of a lung or part of a lung

140
Q

bacilli

A

a type of bacteria

141
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

142
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

143
Q

bronchospaasm

A

sudden contraction in the bronchi that causes coughing

144
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep, labored breathing that becomes shallow, then apneic

145
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

recurring or long-lasting bouts of bronchitis

146
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

A

disease of the bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction

147
Q

crackles; rales

A

popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions; rales

148
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing

149
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects the bronchial tubes

150
Q

diphtheria

A

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria

151
Q

dysphonia

A

hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis

152
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

153
Q

emphysema

A

chronic condition of hyperinflation of the alveoli, caused by prolonged smoking

154
Q

empyema

A

pus in the pleural cavity

155
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

156
Q

epistaxis; nosebleed

A

bleeding from the nose, usually caused by trauma or sudden rupture of blood vessels of the nose

157
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

158
Q

hemoptysis

A

lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in the spitting of blood

159
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity

160
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive buildup of carbon dioxodie in lungs, usually asoociated with hypoventilation

161
Q

hyperpnea

A

abnormally deep breathing

162
Q

hyperventilation

A

abnormally fast breathing in and out, often associated with anxiety

163
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

164
Q

hypoventilation

A

abnormally low movement of air in and out of the lungs

165
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

166
Q

hypoxia

A

deficient amount of oxgyen in tissue

167
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

168
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden contraction of the laryns, which may cause coughing and may restrict breathing

169
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

170
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare cancer of lungs associated with asbestos

171
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

172
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty in breathing, especially while lying down

173
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of all the sinuses

174
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden, as a spasm or convulsion

175
Q

pertussis; whooping cough

A

severer infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough

176
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat

177
Q

pleural effusion

A

esacpe of fluid into the pleural cavity

178
Q

pleuritis, pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

179
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

lung condition caused by inhaling dust

180
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lung

181
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air or gas into the pleural cavity

182
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

large collection of pus in the lungs

183
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from the lungs

184
Q

rhinorrhea

A

nasal discharge

185
Q

rhonchi; wheezes

A

whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma

186
Q

silicosis

A

lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing

187
Q

singultus

A

hiccuping

188
Q

sinusiits

A

inflammation of the sinuses

189
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions

190
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormally fast breathing

191
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

192
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

193
Q

tuberculosis

A

acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacillli

194
Q

upper respiratory infection

A

infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract

195
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

196
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the adenoids

197
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

198
Q

endotracheal intubation (ET)

A

insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx and larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway

199
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal of the larynx

200
Q

laryngocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the larynx

201
Q

laryngoplasty

A

repair of the larynx

202
Q

laryngostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening in the larynx

203
Q

laryngotracheotomy

A

incision into the larynx and trachea

204
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of one of the lobes of a lung

205
Q

otorhinolaryngologist

A

medical doctor who diagnoses and treates disorders of the ear, nose, and throat

206
Q

pleurocentesis

A

surgical puncture of plerual space

207
Q

pleuropexy

A

fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or detrioration

208
Q

pneumobronchotomy

A

incision of the lung and bronchus

209
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung

210
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of bones of the nose

211
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nasal septum

212
Q

septostomy

A

creation of an opening in the nasal septum

213
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of a sinus

214
Q

thoracic surgeon

A

surgeon who sepcializes in surgery of the thorax

215
Q

thoracocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the chest cavity

216
Q

thoracostomy

A

establishment of an opening in the chest cavity

217
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest cavity

218
Q

tonsillectomy

A

removal of the tonsils

219
Q

tracheoplasty

A

repair of the trachea

220
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artificial opeining in the trachea

221
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

222
Q

antitussives

A

agents to relieve coughing

223
Q

bronchodilators

A

agents to dilate the walls of the bronchi and prevent bronchospasms

224
Q

decongestants

A

agnet to lower and prevent mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract

225
Q

expectorants

A

agents to promote couhging and explulsion of mucus

226
Q

nebulizers

A

device that deliver mediction throught the nose or mouth in a fine spray to the respiratory tract

227
Q

ventilators

A

mechanical breathing devices

Medical Terminology MEDT 1000 (8 decks)

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