Chapter 7 - The Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Adam’s apple, Thyroid cartilage
A
Thyroid cartilage, supportive structure of the larynx; larger in males than females
2
Q
Adenoids
A
Collection of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils
3
Q
Alveolus (pl. alveoli)
A
Air sac at the end of each bronchiole
4
Q
Apex
A
Topmost section of the long
5
Q
Base
A
Bottom section of the long
6
Q
Bronchiole
A
Fine subdivision of the bronchi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
7
Q
Bronchus (pl. bronchi)
A
One of the two airways from the trachea to the lungs
8
Q
Cilia
A
Hair-like extensions of the cell’s surface that usually provide some protection by sweeping foreign particles away
9
Q
Diaphragm
A
Membranous muscle between the abdominal and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes during the respiratory cycle
10
Q
Epiglottis
A
cartilaginous flap that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
11
Q
Exhalation, expiration
A
Breathing out
12
Q
External nares, nostrils
A
External openings at the base of the nose
13
Q
External respiration
A
Exchange of air between the body and outside environment
14
Q
Glottis
A
Part of the larynx consisting of the vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle
15
Q
hilum
A
Midsection of the lung where the nerves and vessels enter and exit
16
Q
hypopharynx, Laryngopharynx
A
Part of the pharynx below and behind the larynx
17
Q
Inferior lobe
A
Bottom lobe of the lung
18
Q
Inhalation, inspiration
A
Breathing in
19
Q
Intercostal muscles
A
Muscles between the ribs
20
Q
Internal respiration
A
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells
21
Q
Larynx, Voice box
A
Organ of voice production in the respiratory tract, between the pharynx and the trachea; voicebox
22
Q
Lung
A
One of two organs of respiration in the thoracic cavity, where oxygenation of blood takes place
23
Q
Mediastinum
A
Median portion of the thoracic cavity; septum between two areas of an organ or cavity
24
Q
Middle lobe
A
Middle section of the right lung
25
Nasal cavity
Opening in the external nose where air enters the body
26
Nasal septum
Cartilageinous division of external nose
27
Nasopharynx
Portion of the throat above the soft palate
28
Nose
External structure supported by nasal bones and containing nasal cavity
29
Oropharynx
Back portion of the mouth, a division of the pharynx
30
Palatine tonsils
lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system
31
Paranasal sinuses
Area of the nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in the mucous membrane lining
32
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of the pleura
33
Pharyngeal tonsils
Adenoids
34
Pharynx, throat
Passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat
35
pleura (pl. pleurae)
Double layer of membrane making up outside of the lungs
36
Pleural cavity
Space between the two pleura
37
Respiratory system
The body's system for breathing
38
Respiratory tract
Passageways through which air moves into and out of the lungs
39
Septum
Cartilaginous division, as in the nose or mediastinum
40
Soft palate
Flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx
41
Superior lobe
Top most lobe of each lung
42
Thorax
Chest cavity
43
Trachea, windpipe
Airway from the larynx into the bronchi; windpipe
44
visceral pleura
Inner layer of the pleura
45
Vocal chords
Strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a major role in the production of sound
46
adenoid(o)
Adenoid, Gland
47
alveol(o)
Alveolus
48
Bronch(o), bronchi(o)
Bronchus
49
bronchiol(o)
Bronchiole
50
capn(o)
Carbon dioxide
51
epiglott(o)
Epiglottis
52
laryng(o)
Larynx
53
lob(o)
Lobe of loung
54
mediastin(o)
Mediastinum
55
nas(o)
Nose
56
or(o)
Mouth
57
ox(o), oxi-, oxy
Oxygen
58
pharyng(o)
Pharynx
59
phono(o)
Sound voice
60
phren(o)
Diaphragm
61
pleur(o)
pleura
62
pneum(o), pneumon(o)
Air, lung
63
rhin(o)
Nose
64
spir(o)
Breathing
65
steth(o)
chest
66
thorac(o)
Thorax, chest
67
tonsill(o)
Tonsils
68
trache(o)
Trachea
69
ABG
Arterial blood gases
70
AFB
Acid-fast bacillus, tuberculosis
71
A&P
Auscultation and percussion
72
AP
Anteroposterior
73
ARD
Acute respiratory disease
74
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
75
ARF
Acute respiratory failure
76
BS
Breath sounds
77
COLD
Chronic obstructive lung disease
78
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
79
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
80
DPT
Diphtheria, pertussis, Textanus
81
ENT
Ear\nose throat
82
ET tube
Endotracheal intubation tube
83
FEF
Forced expiratory flow
84
FEV
Force expiratory volume
85
FVC
Forced vital capacity
86
HBOT
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
87
IMV
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
88
IPPB
Intermittent positive pressure breathing
89
IRDS
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
90
IRV
Inspiratory reserve volume
91
CTA
Clear to auscultation
92
CXR
Chest x-ray
93
DOE
Dyspnea on exertion
94
MDI
Metered dose inhaler
95
PA
posteroanterior
96
PCP
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
97
PEEP
Positive end expiratory pressure
98
PFT
Pulmonary function test
99
PND
paroxysmal small nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip
100
RD
Respiratory disease
101
RDS
Respiratory distress syndrome
102
RLL
Right lower lobe of loung
103
RUL
Right upper lobe of lung
104
LLL
Left lower lobe lung
105
LUL
Left upper lobe of lung
106
MBC
Maximal breathing capacity
107
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
108
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
109
SOB
Shortness of breath
110
T&A
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
111
TB
Tuberculosis
112
TLC
Total lung capacity
113
TPR
Temperature pulse and respiration
114
URI
Upper respiratory infection
115
VC
vital capacity
116
V/Q scan
Ventilation/ perfusion scan
117
Arterial blood gases
Laboratory test that measures the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide and arterial blood
118
Auscultation
Listening to internal sounds with a stethoscope
119
bronchial alveolar lavage
retrieval of fluid for examintation through a bronchoscope
120
bronchial brushing
retrieval of material for biopsy by inseration of a brush through a bronchoscope
121
bronchography
radiological picture of trachea and bronchi
122
bronchoscope
device used to examine airways
123
endoscope
tube used to view a body cavity
124
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the mouth and larynx using an endoscope
125
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinum and all the organs within it using an endoscope
126
nasophayngoscopy
examination of the nasal passages and the pharynx using an endoscope
127
peak flow meter
device for measuring breathing capacity
128
percussion
tapping on the surface of the body to see if lungs are clear
129
pulmonary function tests
tests that measure the mechanics of breathing
130
spirometer
testing machine that measures the lungs' volumen and capacity
131
sputum sample or culture
culture of material that is expectorated
132
sweat test
test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat
133
throat culture
test for streptococcal or other infections in which a swab taken on the surface of the throat is placed in a culture to see if certain baterica grow
134
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
135
anthracosis; black lung disease
lung disesae caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease
136
apnea
cessation of breathing
137
asbestosis
lung disorder cuased by long-trem inhalation of asbestos
138
asthma
chronic condition with obstruction or narrowing of the bronchial airways
139
atelectasis
collapse of a lung or part of a lung
140
bacilli
a type of bacteria
141
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
142
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
143
bronchospaasm
sudden contraction in the bronchi that causes coughing
144
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep, labored breathing that becomes shallow, then apneic
145
chronic bronchitis
recurring or long-lasting bouts of bronchitis
146
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
disease of the bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction
147
crackles; rales
popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions; rales
148
croup
acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants accompanied by seal-like coughing
149
cystic fibrosis
disease that causes chronic airway obstruction and also affects the bronchial tubes
150
diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria
151
dysphonia
hoarseness usually caused by laryngitis
152
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
153
emphysema
chronic condition of hyperinflation of the alveoli, caused by prolonged smoking
154
empyema
pus in the pleural cavity
155
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
156
epistaxis; nosebleed
bleeding from the nose, usually caused by trauma or sudden rupture of blood vessels of the nose
157
eupnea
normal breathing
158
hemoptysis
lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in the spitting of blood
159
hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
160
hypercapnia
excessive buildup of carbon dioxodie in lungs, usually asoociated with hypoventilation
161
hyperpnea
abnormally deep breathing
162
hyperventilation
abnormally fast breathing in and out, often associated with anxiety
163
hypopnea
shallow breathing
164
hypoventilation
abnormally low movement of air in and out of the lungs
165
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
166
hypoxia
deficient amount of oxgyen in tissue
167
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
168
laryngospasm
sudden contraction of the laryns, which may cause coughing and may restrict breathing
169
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
170
mesothelioma
rare cancer of lungs associated with asbestos
171
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
172
orthopnea
difficulty in breathing, especially while lying down
173
pansinusitis
inflammation of all the sinuses
174
paroxysmal
sudden, as a spasm or convulsion
175
pertussis; whooping cough
severer infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by bacteria; whooping cough
176
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx; sore throat
177
pleural effusion
esacpe of fluid into the pleural cavity
178
pleuritis, pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
179
pneumoconiosis
lung condition caused by inhaling dust
180
pneumonia
inflammation of the lung
181
pneumothorax
accumulation of air or gas into the pleural cavity
182
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus in the lungs
183
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from the lungs
184
rhinorrhea
nasal discharge
185
rhonchi; wheezes
whistling sounds heard on inspiration in certain breathing disorders, especially asthma
186
silicosis
lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass or other materials used in manufacturing
187
singultus
hiccuping
188
sinusiits
inflammation of the sinuses
189
stridor
high-pitched crowing sound heard in certain respiratory conditions
190
tachypnea
abnormally fast breathing
191
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
192
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
193
tuberculosis
acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacillli
194
upper respiratory infection
infection of all or part of upper portion of respiratory tract
195
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
196
adenoidectomy
removal of the adenoids
197
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
198
endotracheal intubation (ET)
insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx and larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway
199
laryngectomy
removal of the larynx
200
laryngocentesis
surgical puncture of the larynx
201
laryngoplasty
repair of the larynx
202
laryngostomy
creation of an artifical opening in the larynx
203
laryngotracheotomy
incision into the larynx and trachea
204
lobectomy
removal of one of the lobes of a lung
205
otorhinolaryngologist
medical doctor who diagnoses and treates disorders of the ear, nose, and throat
206
pleurocentesis
surgical puncture of plerual space
207
pleuropexy
fixing in place of the pleura surgically, usually in case of injury or detrioration
208
pneumobronchotomy
incision of the lung and bronchus
209
pneumonectomy
removal of a lung
210
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of bones of the nose
211
septoplasty
surgical repair of the nasal septum
212
septostomy
creation of an opening in the nasal septum
213
sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
214
thoracic surgeon
surgeon who sepcializes in surgery of the thorax
215
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture of the chest cavity
216
thoracostomy
establishment of an opening in the chest cavity
217
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
218
tonsillectomy
removal of the tonsils
219
tracheoplasty
repair of the trachea
220
tracheostomy
creation of an artificial opeining in the trachea
221
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
222
antitussives
agents to relieve coughing
223
bronchodilators
agents to dilate the walls of the bronchi and prevent bronchospasms
224
decongestants
agnet to lower and prevent mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract
225
expectorants
agents to promote couhging and explulsion of mucus
226
nebulizers
device that deliver mediction throught the nose or mouth in a fine spray to the respiratory tract
227
ventilators
mechanical breathing devices
