Chapter 8 Stratification Flashcards
Social stratification is the result of ____.
Unequal distribution of resources
Social stratification is most clearly defined by ____.
The distribution of goods in a society
The functionalist perspectives of social stratification holds that ___.
The whole society benefits from stratification
The view that it is necessary to pay a surgeon a large amount of money so that people will undertake the difficult training necessary to fill the position is a characteristic of _____.
Functional theory
Conflict theory holds that the natural condition of a society is ____.
Conflict and change
A conflict perspective on social stratification argues that ____.
Social stratification results from the constant struggle for scarce goods and services
According to Karl Marx, the basis of social stratification is based on ____.
The relationship of people to the means of production
From an anthropologist perspective, wealth is _____.
The accumulation of material resources
In pre-Communist China, one group that had very high prestige was ____.
Scholars
Which of the following is a primary dimension of stratification?
Prestige
An example of an achieve status is ____.
Occupation
The overwhelming majority of Americans define themselves as ____.
Middle class
According to the text, how many Americans were living in poverty (defined as an annual income of $24,563 or less per family of four) in 2016?
43.1 million
Real wealth in the United States is measured as income plus ____.
Assets
According to Katherine Newman, job loss in the United States entails not only economic decline but also a decline in ____.
Prestige
Which of the following is true of caste system?
People in the same caste tend to have a similar range of occupations.
One basic rule of behavior among Indian castes is that ____.
A members of different castes do not eat together
In India, lower castes ____.
Are beginning to make collective efforts to improve their position as a group
An important change in the Indian caste system provoked by globalization is _____.
The emergence of non-caste-related occupations
The Burakumin in Japan are regarded by Japanese society as a(n) _____.
Race
According to the text, why is skin color not biologically adequate to distinguish a group of people?
Skin color is continuum of difference
Which of the following groups would be described by anthropologist John Obgu as an “involuntary minority” in the United States?
Americans of African descent
John Ogbu, a Nigerian anthropologist, studied minority children in schools in the United States and found that ____.
Children from voluntary immigrants groups do better than children from involuntary immigrants groups
The opportunities that people have to fulfill their potential in society is known as _____.
Life chances
About what percentage of the Brazilian population is composed of individuals of Africa descent?
45%
Among Brazilian individuals of African descent, about how many identity themselves as preta (black)?
15%
Brazilian national identity is most strongly on ____.
A mix European, African, and indigenous ancestry
Which of the following ideas was promoted by Brazilian anthropologist Gilberto Freire?
Brazilian national identity was the result of mixing people of European, African, and indigenous ancestry
Compared to the United States, differences in educational achievements by race in Brazil ____.
Are larger
In general, the attitude of the Brazilian government toward race has been ____.
To deny that race is a social problem in Brazil
Ethnicity as national issue in the United States has mainly been discussed in relation to ____.
National origin of immigrants
In the era 1880-1920, many immigrants came to the United States. It was also in this era ____.
Immigrants came to be defined in racial terms
Which metaphor is associated with the assimilationist model of immigrants adaptation in the United States?
The melting pot
Which of the following correctly defines assimilation in the United States?
It is a process in which immigrants were expected to leave behind their culture distinctions in favor of an American identity
The immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ____.
Expanded the number of people permitted to immigrate to the United States and abolished quotas
Which of the following statements about immigration and assimilation in the United States is correct?
Assimilation is also a process of loss, as immigrants leave behind their language and cultures
It was estimated in 2015 that _____ foreign-born residents were living in countries around the world
244 million
An effect of China’s movement toward capitalism has been ____.
Increasing inequality
Hispanic immigrants living illegally in the United States _____.
Form a sort of permanent underclass
What connection do Irish descended Americans have to the country of Ireland?
They are regular tourists and support Irish political causes
True/False
Inequality is inevitable in large-scale social system
True
True/False
An example of an achievement status in the United States is marriage
True
True/False There is no such thing as a pure class or caste society
True
True/False
In a caste system, children are the same caste as both of their parents
True
True/False
The Camars of Agra were successful in changing their position in the caste system as soon as they made some money
False
True/False
People of African descent make up half of Brazil’s population
True
True/False
Racial boundaries are very clear-cut in Brazil
False
True/False
In the 19th century, many Americans were concerned that an influx of immigrants would lower and challenge Americans values
True
True/False
Since the 1980s, immigrants arriving to the United States have not faced any hostility
False
True/False
The number of “overseas Chinese” is about equal to the total population of Canada
True
