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Anthropology > Chapter 8 Stratification > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Stratification Flashcards

1
Q

Social stratification is the result of ____.

A

Unequal distribution of resources

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2
Q

Social stratification is most clearly defined by ____.

A

The distribution of goods in a society

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3
Q

The functionalist perspectives of social stratification holds that ___.

A

The whole society benefits from stratification

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4
Q

The view that it is necessary to pay a surgeon a large amount of money so that people will undertake the difficult training necessary to fill the position is a characteristic of _____.

A

Functional theory

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5
Q

Conflict theory holds that the natural condition of a society is ____.

A

Conflict and change

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6
Q

A conflict perspective on social stratification argues that ____.

A

Social stratification results from the constant struggle for scarce goods and services

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7
Q

According to Karl Marx, the basis of social stratification is based on ____.

A

The relationship of people to the means of production

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8
Q

From an anthropologist perspective, wealth is _____.

A

The accumulation of material resources

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9
Q

In pre-Communist China, one group that had very high prestige was ____.

A

Scholars

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10
Q

Which of the following is a primary dimension of stratification?

A

Prestige

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11
Q

An example of an achieve status is ____.

A

Occupation

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12
Q

The overwhelming majority of Americans define themselves as ____.

A

Middle class

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13
Q

According to the text, how many Americans were living in poverty (defined as an annual income of $24,563 or less per family of four) in 2016?

A

43.1 million

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14
Q

Real wealth in the United States is measured as income plus ____.

A

Assets

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15
Q

According to Katherine Newman, job loss in the United States entails not only economic decline but also a decline in ____.

A

Prestige

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16
Q

Which of the following is true of caste system?

A

People in the same caste tend to have a similar range of occupations.

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17
Q

One basic rule of behavior among Indian castes is that ____.

A

A members of different castes do not eat together

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18
Q

In India, lower castes ____.

A

Are beginning to make collective efforts to improve their position as a group

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19
Q

An important change in the Indian caste system provoked by globalization is _____.

A

The emergence of non-caste-related occupations

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20
Q

The Burakumin in Japan are regarded by Japanese society as a(n) _____.

A

Race

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21
Q

According to the text, why is skin color not biologically adequate to distinguish a group of people?

A

Skin color is continuum of difference

22
Q

Which of the following groups would be described by anthropologist John Obgu as an “involuntary minority” in the United States?

A

Americans of African descent

23
Q

John Ogbu, a Nigerian anthropologist, studied minority children in schools in the United States and found that ____.

A

Children from voluntary immigrants groups do better than children from involuntary immigrants groups

24
Q

The opportunities that people have to fulfill their potential in society is known as _____.

A

Life chances

25
Q

About what percentage of the Brazilian population is composed of individuals of Africa descent?

A

45%

26
Q

Among Brazilian individuals of African descent, about how many identity themselves as preta (black)?

A

15%

27
Q

Brazilian national identity is most strongly on ____.

A

A mix European, African, and indigenous ancestry

28
Q

Which of the following ideas was promoted by Brazilian anthropologist Gilberto Freire?

A

Brazilian national identity was the result of mixing people of European, African, and indigenous ancestry

29
Q

Compared to the United States, differences in educational achievements by race in Brazil ____.

A

Are larger

30
Q

In general, the attitude of the Brazilian government toward race has been ____.

A

To deny that race is a social problem in Brazil

31
Q

Ethnicity as national issue in the United States has mainly been discussed in relation to ____.

A

National origin of immigrants

32
Q

In the era 1880-1920, many immigrants came to the United States. It was also in this era ____.

A

Immigrants came to be defined in racial terms

33
Q

Which metaphor is associated with the assimilationist model of immigrants adaptation in the United States?

A

The melting pot

34
Q

Which of the following correctly defines assimilation in the United States?

A

It is a process in which immigrants were expected to leave behind their culture distinctions in favor of an American identity

35
Q

The immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ____.

A

Expanded the number of people permitted to immigrate to the United States and abolished quotas

36
Q

Which of the following statements about immigration and assimilation in the United States is correct?

A

Assimilation is also a process of loss, as immigrants leave behind their language and cultures

37
Q

It was estimated in 2015 that _____ foreign-born residents were living in countries around the world

A

244 million

38
Q

An effect of China’s movement toward capitalism has been ____.

A

Increasing inequality

39
Q

Hispanic immigrants living illegally in the United States _____.

A

Form a sort of permanent underclass

40
Q

What connection do Irish descended Americans have to the country of Ireland?

A

They are regular tourists and support Irish political causes

41
Q

True/False

Inequality is inevitable in large-scale social system

A

True

42
Q

True/False

An example of an achievement status in the United States is marriage

A

True

43
Q 
True/False
There is no such thing as a pure class or caste society
A

True

44
Q

True/False

In a caste system, children are the same caste as both of their parents

A

True

45
Q

True/False

The Camars of Agra were successful in changing their position in the caste system as soon as they made some money

A

False

46
Q

True/False

People of African descent make up half of Brazil’s population

A

True

47
Q

True/False

Racial boundaries are very clear-cut in Brazil

A

False

48
Q

True/False
In the 19th century, many Americans were concerned that an influx of immigrants would lower and challenge Americans values

A

True

49
Q

True/False

Since the 1980s, immigrants arriving to the United States have not faced any hostility

A

False

50
Q

True/False

The number of “overseas Chinese” is about equal to the total population of Canada

A

True

Anthropology (9 decks)

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