Chapter 8 Stratification

Question 1

Social stratification is the result of ____.

Answer 1

Unequal distribution of resources

Question 2

Social stratification is most clearly defined by ____.

Answer 2

The distribution of goods in a society

Question 3

The functionalist perspectives of social stratification holds that ___.

Answer 3

The whole society benefits from stratification

Question 4

The view that it is necessary to pay a surgeon a large amount of money so that people will undertake the difficult training necessary to fill the position is a characteristic of _____.

Answer 4

Functional theory

Question 5

Conflict theory holds that the natural condition of a society is ____.

Answer 5

Conflict and change

Question 6

A conflict perspective on social stratification argues that ____.

Answer 6

Social stratification results from the constant struggle for scarce goods and services

Question 7

According to Karl Marx, the basis of social stratification is based on ____.

Answer 7

The relationship of people to the means of production

Question 8

From an anthropologist perspective, wealth is _____.

Answer 8

The accumulation of material resources

Question 9

In pre-Communist China, one group that had very high prestige was ____.

Answer 9

Scholars

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary dimension of stratification?

Answer 10

Prestige

Question 11

An example of an achieve status is ____.

Answer 11

Occupation

Question 12

The overwhelming majority of Americans define themselves as ____.

Answer 12

Middle class

Question 13

According to the text, how many Americans were living in poverty (defined as an annual income of $24,563 or less per family of four) in 2016?

Answer 13

43.1 million

Question 14

Real wealth in the United States is measured as income plus ____.

Answer 14

Assets

Question 15

According to Katherine Newman, job loss in the United States entails not only economic decline but also a decline in ____.

Answer 15

Prestige

Question 16

Which of the following is true of caste system?

Answer 16

People in the same caste tend to have a similar range of occupations.

Question 17

One basic rule of behavior among Indian castes is that ____.

Answer 17

A members of different castes do not eat together

Question 18

In India, lower castes ____.

Answer 18

Are beginning to make collective efforts to improve their position as a group

Question 19

An important change in the Indian caste system provoked by globalization is _____.

Answer 19

The emergence of non-caste-related occupations

Question 20

The Burakumin in Japan are regarded by Japanese society as a(n) _____.

Answer 20

Race

Question 21

According to the text, why is skin color not biologically adequate to distinguish a group of people?

Answer 21

Skin color is continuum of difference

Question 22

Which of the following groups would be described by anthropologist John Obgu as an “involuntary minority” in the United States?

Answer 22

Americans of African descent

Question 23

John Ogbu, a Nigerian anthropologist, studied minority children in schools in the United States and found that ____.

Answer 23

Children from voluntary immigrants groups do better than children from involuntary immigrants groups

Question 24

The opportunities that people have to fulfill their potential in society is known as _____.

Answer 24

Life chances

Question 25

About what percentage of the Brazilian population is composed of individuals of Africa descent?

Answer 25

45%

Question 26

Among Brazilian individuals of African descent, about how many identity themselves as preta (black)?

Answer 26

15%

Question 27

Brazilian national identity is most strongly on ____.

Answer 27

A mix European, African, and indigenous ancestry

Question 28

Which of the following ideas was promoted by Brazilian anthropologist Gilberto Freire?

Answer 28

Brazilian national identity was the result of mixing people of European, African, and indigenous ancestry

Question 29

Compared to the United States, differences in educational achievements by race in Brazil ____.

Answer 29

Are larger

Question 30

In general, the attitude of the Brazilian government toward race has been ____.

Answer 30

To deny that race is a social problem in Brazil

Question 31

Ethnicity as national issue in the United States has mainly been discussed in relation to ____.

Answer 31

National origin of immigrants

Question 32

In the era 1880-1920, many immigrants came to the United States. It was also in this era ____.

Answer 32

Immigrants came to be defined in racial terms

Question 33

Which metaphor is associated with the assimilationist model of immigrants adaptation in the United States?

Answer 33

The melting pot

Question 34

Which of the following correctly defines assimilation in the United States?

Answer 34

It is a process in which immigrants were expected to leave behind their culture distinctions in favor of an American identity

Question 35

The immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 ____.

Answer 35

Expanded the number of people permitted to immigrate to the United States and abolished quotas

Question 36

Which of the following statements about immigration and assimilation in the United States is correct?

Answer 36

Assimilation is also a process of loss, as immigrants leave behind their language and cultures

Question 37

It was estimated in 2015 that _____ foreign-born residents were living in countries around the world

Answer 37

244 million

Question 38

An effect of China’s movement toward capitalism has been ____.

Answer 38

Increasing inequality

Question 39

Hispanic immigrants living illegally in the United States _____.

Answer 39

Form a sort of permanent underclass

Question 40

What connection do Irish descended Americans have to the country of Ireland?

Answer 40

They are regular tourists and support Irish political causes

Question 41

True/False | Inequality is inevitable in large-scale social system

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True/False | An example of an achievement status in the United States is marriage

Answer 42

True

Question 43

``` True/False There is no such thing as a pure class or caste society ```

Answer 43

True

Question 44

True/False | In a caste system, children are the same caste as both of their parents

Answer 44

True

Question 45

True/False | The Camars of Agra were successful in changing their position in the caste system as soon as they made some money

Answer 45

False

Question 46

True/False | People of African descent make up half of Brazil’s population

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True/False | Racial boundaries are very clear-cut in Brazil

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True/False In the 19th century, many Americans were concerned that an influx of immigrants would lower and challenge Americans values

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True/False | Since the 1980s, immigrants arriving to the United States have not faced any hostility

Answer 49

False

Question 50

True/False | The number of “overseas Chinese” is about equal to the total population of Canada

Answer 50

True