Chapter 3 Flashcards
The term habitus means ______.
Behavior that is acquired through individual and social experience
A child raised outside of human society and culture would likely be _____.
Completely unable to understand culture
One of the earliest definitions of human culture is that “complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society” Who introduced this definition?
Sir Edward Tylor
Anthropologists consider which of the following to be a characteristic of culture?
A. Practice by a few as one individual
B. Patterned and integrated
C. Static and unchanging over time
D. Made up of innate human tendencies
Patterned and integrated
Theoretical perspective is critical in anthropology because ______.
It allows us to explore different perspectives
A symbol is ______.
Something that stands for something else
Which statement best describes the concept of social birth?
The point where a person is considered a human being and a member of human society
Anthropologist consider the concept of humanness and the recognition of human status is _______.
A cultural designation
Which statement most accurately defines the concept of enculturation?
It is the process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group
Which characteristic is emphasized in Inuit enculturation?
Cooperation
An anthropological perspective that focuses on culture as the principal force in sharing the typical personality of a society is called _____.
Culture and personality theory
What is ethnobotany?
The study of the way members of different cultures classify plants
The central concern of structural anthropology is ______.
Underlying patterns of thought common to all humanity
Which of the following is characteristic of cultural symbols?
They are used to create meaning
Some anthropologist argue that football is so popular in America because ______.
It manipulated dangerous and controversial themes in America culture
An anthropologist is studying the meaning of meal time in a culture through paintings of family dinners. Which theoretical perspective describes this type of work?
Interpretive and symbolic anthropology
Comparing culture to a system implies that ______.
A change in one part of culture will result in changes in other parts of culture
What did anthropologists discover about conflict in human societies?
Conflict is cultural universal
From the perspective of ecological functionalism, the Hindu taboo on eating beef is _____.
Adaptive to the long-run conditions of drought and crop shortages in India
Which theoretical perspective focuses on issues of conflict and struggle within cultures?
Neo-Marxism
Norms are best described as
Ideas people in a society share about the way things ought to be done
When we compare dominant culture and subcultures within society,it is clear that ______.
Dominant cultures are more powerful than subcultures
Norms and values are both ______.
Constantly changing and open to renegotiation
The change in the biological structure or lifeway of an individual that allows for better survival is called _______.
Adaptation
Cultural adaptation differs from biological adaptation in that the former ______.
Allows human to respond to problems on a relatively immediate basis
The ability of humans to change their behavior in response to environmental demands is called _______.
Plasticity
According to the text, what has been the most important driver of cultural change in the last 500 years?
The development of world economic system
What is the primary innovation?
An object or idea that is genuinely new and different
Pure cultures, free from outside influences ____.
Have never existed
The process of movement of culture traits from one society to another is called ______.
Diffusion
As culture traits move from one society to another ______.
Their meanings tend to change
Which of the following would be an example of transculturation?
A McDonalds’s Restaurant Opening in India with a special chicken patty burger instead of their ionic Big Mac hamburger
Which of the following best describes an anthropologist’s approach to the study of culture
Anthropologist constantly consider questions of culture in their research
True/False
Sir Edward Tylor’s early definition of culture was intended as a way of explaining the differences between human societies.
True
True/False
Language has many symbolic components, but it is not considered a symbol system.
False
True/False
Inuit children are protected from the harsh environment and physical challenges until it is time for them to transition into adulthood.
False
True/False
Cultures are systems, so a change in one aspect of a culture is likely to result in changes in other aspects of the culture.
True
True/False
Conflict is present in large hierarchical societies, but absent in small egalitarian societies.
False
True/False
To an extent, most members of a society share some norms and values upon which they all agree.
True
True/False
One advantage of cultural adaptation over biological adaptation is that culture can usually change more rapidly than biology.
True
True/False
During the process of diffusion, innovations move from one culture towards another.
True
True/False
One example of transculturation is when young people in the Middle East use social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to show the repression occurring within their countries.
True
True/False
Fully understanding a culture requires using many theoretical perspectives.
True
