Chapter 4 Comunication

Question 1

Animal forms of verbal communication are called

Answer 1

Call systems

Question 2

A linguistic capacity to describe things that are not present is called

Answer 2

Displacement

Question 3

When anthropologist say that human language is “conventional” they mean that

Answer 3

the words in human languages have no inherent relationship to the things they stand for

Question 4

Human speech is infinitely productive. This means that

Answer 4

Human speech is deliberate and accomplishes and specific purpose

Question 5

Charles Hockett argues that _____ and _____ were critical in the evolution of human language

Answer 5

blending ; duality of patterning

Question 6

When learning language, the human instinct is to ____

Answer 6

Learn the language of the group in which you are socialized

Question 7

The case of Genie shows that human children appear to be programmed to learn language instinctively before the age of ____

Answer 7

6 years

Question 8

Displacement is the human ability to do which of the following?

Answer 8

Speak about different times and places

Question 9

Studies of the ways in which children learn language show that _____.

Answer 9

Humans beings have an inborn predisposition for learning language and will speak grammatically even if not taught to do so

Question 10

Which statement about language development is true?

Answer 10

Human speech must be learned through a speech community

Question 11

A universal grammar is ____.

Answer 11

a set of principles, conditions, and rules that underlie all language

Question 12

When anthropologists examine language across different cultures, they find that ____

Answer 12

children learn to speak at the same time in all cultures and with equal competence

Question 13

Which concept describes a system of rules for combining words into meaningful sentences?

Answer 13

Syntax

Question 14

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a means of _____

Answer 14

Writing all of the sounds of all human languages

Question 15

In English, bit and pit have different meanings. Thus, the /b/ and /p/ of these words are _____

Answer 15

Phonemes

Question 16

In linguistic studies, phonemes are _____

Answer 16

The set of sounds used in any particular language

Question 17

Bound morphemes differ from free morphemes in which way?

Answer 17

The former never stand alone as complete words; the latter do

Question 18

The English word cats has how many morphemes?

Answer 18

2 morphemes: cat-s

Question 19

“The dog food under the table he fed” is not correct in English grammar. What kind of error does it contain?

Answer 19

Syntax

Question 20

The relationship between language and culture is illustrated by the fact that ____

Answer 20

The vocabulary of language emphasizes those features of the environment that are culturally most significant

Question 21

According to Ferdinand de Saussure, language can best be represented into language (langue) and speech (parole). The difference between language and parole is ____

Answer 21

Language is an arbitrary and abstract system of signs that exist independently of any speaker; speech is the actual performance of language by an individual speaker

Question 22

Which of the following concepts is used to explain why signs for an object itself? For example, a flower is more than a flower; it is often taken as a sign for the arrival of spring and fertility

Answer 22

Signifier

Question 23

Sociolinguistic is helpful to anthropologist in understanding culture because ____

Answer 23

People’s speech varies depending on their position in a social structure or social relationship

Question 24

A dialect is ____

Answer 24

A version of language that is used by less powerful groups in society

Question 25

A study of speech norms in the United States by Labov indicated that ____

Answer 25

Variation of speech patterns is most characteristic of upwardly mobile social classes

Question 26

Linguistic view African American vernacular English (AAVE) as _____

Answer 26

Neither superior nor inferior to SSAE

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of code-switching?

Answer 27

Conversations in which people talk to some people in one language while talking to others in a different language

Question 28

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that ____

Answer 28

The vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers perceive reality

Question 29

One aspect of language that appears to contradict the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is that human languages are similar in which way?

Answer 29

Anything that can be said in one language can be translated into every other human language

Question 30

A Tuareg man wears his veil at different positions on his face in different social situations. This is an example of ___

Answer 30

Nonverbal communication

Question 31

Haptics refers to ____

Answer 31

The study and analysis of touch

Question 32

Researches who study interpersonal space refers to three different ranges of space. They are ____

Answer 32

Intimate distance, personal distance, and social distance

Question 33

Which of the following best characterizes the cross-cultural meaning of smiling?

Answer 33

The meaning of smile varies from culture to culture

Question 34

A pidgin is ____

Answer 34

A language of contact and trade that includes a mixture of other languages

Question 35

A fundamental principle of language is that ____

Answer 35

Language always reflects the history of those who use it

Question 36

Which of the following does glottochronology examine?

A. Vocabulary
B. Syntax
C. Morphology
D. Kinesics

Answer 36

Vocabulary

Question 37

An important method comparative linguistic use to draw conclusions about the relationship between two languages is ___

Answer 37

Determining the amount of core vocabulary they share

Question 38

Which of the following statements best reflects the diversity of languages spoken in the world today?

Answer 38

A majority of the world’s languages are spoken by a minority of the world’s population

Question 39

Which of the following is a reason why language is being lost today in such great numbers today?

Answer 39

It is more profitable and advantageous to speak languages that are more popularly spoken

Question 40

What is the most popular language in the world for people to speak as their primary language ?

Answer 40

Mandarin Chinese

Question 41

True/False

Communication among nonhuman animals can be as complex as human language.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True/False

All children, regardless of culture, go through the same basic stages and sequence for language learning.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True/False

Even a child brought up in isolation will automatically be able to speak the language of his or her parents.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

True/False

Some languages do not have syntactic structure.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True/False

The vocabulary of language reflects the culture of the people who speak it.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True/False

The actual performance of a language by an individual speaker is what Saussure called parole.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

True/False

In some cultures, the speech form used depends on the relative social status of the individuals speaking.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

True/False

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that because the human brain is similar regardless of cultures, then all language is similar as well.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

True/False

Wearing clothes with designer labels on them can be considered a form of nonverbal communication.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True/False

There is one language spoken by the majority of the world’s people.

Answer 50

False