Chapter 6 Economics

Question 1

The critical elements of any economic system are production, ____, and consumption.

Answer 1

Distribution

Question 2

In economics, economizing behavior is ____.

Answer 2

Making choices in ways believed to provide the greatest benefit

Question 3

Economics is the study of ____.

Answer 3

The ways in which the choices people make determine how their society uses resources

Question 4

Capitalist cultures like those in the United States are defined by productivity for _____.

Answer 4

Wealth and material prosperity

Question 5

As social complexity and population increases, the difference between economic system is mostly measured as a difference in ____.

Answer 5

Access to productive resources

Question 6

Material goods, natural resources, or information used to create other goods or information are known as _____.

Answer 6

Productive resources.

Question 7

In foraging (hunting and gathering) societies, land is ____.

Answer 7

Customarily used by certain groups, but others are not denied access to it.

Question 8

Where resources are scarce and large area are needed to support the population, territorial boundaries are ____.

Answer 8

Usually not defended

Question 9

Contemporary pastoralists primarily obtain access to land for grazing through ____.

Answer 9

Contracts with landowners as they pass through areas

Question 10

In pastoral societies, ____ land is most essential factor in the functioning of the society.

Answer 10

Accessing

Question 11

In horticultural societies, land is ____.

Answer 11

Communally owned by kin groups

Question 12

Which statement is true regarding land among the Lacandon Maya, an extensive cultivating society?

Answer 12

Individuals retain right to land they have cleared even if they leave it fallow.

Question 13

Which key factor determines if land is considered exclusive and consequently defended?

Answer 13

High population density

Question 14

In capitalist societies, the principle form of resources is ____.

Answer 14

Capital

Question 15

The idea of private ownership of land tends to develop in societies where ____.

Answer 15

Material and labor investment in land becomes substantial

Question 16

Peasants generally ____.

Answer 16

Support a wealthy, landowning class

Question 17

The right of an individual or family to use a piece of land and pass that land to descendants, but not sell or trade the land, is called ___.

Answer 17

Usufruct right

Question 18

One critical economic difference between a firm and a household is ____.

Answer 18

Firms may grow with relative ease, but the structure of households limits their growth

Question 19

A high degree of specialization of labor ____.

Answer 19

Tends to correlate with high population and agriculture intensification

Question 20

Marcel Mauss, and many other anthropologist, theorized that an important function of gifting is to ___.

Answer 20

Hold a societies together

Question 21

The dominant form of exchange in ____ is generalized reciprocity

Answer 21

Foraging societies

Question 22

In a system of balanced reciprocity, giving a gift to someone ____.

Answer 22

Requires that the recipient returns a more or less equivalent gift at a later date

Question 23

For the Trobriand Islanders, the central part of the Kula trade is ____.

Answer 23

Trading for bracelets and armbands

Question 24

Balanced reciprocity is most typical among ____.

Answer 24

Non-industrialized people without economies

Question 25

Kluckhohn showed that when the Navajo traded with outsiders, ____.

Answer 25

It was considered morally acceptable to deceive

Question 26

How does the market exchange differ from reciprocity and redistribution?

Answer 26

Market exchange is an impersonal process

Question 27

Because formal government is not present in the kula trading groups, ___.

Answer 27

It is important that relations between partners remain friendly to reinforce the close ties of the participants

Question 28

A chief at a potlatch would typically _____.

Answer 28

Brag about his wealth and power

Question 29

When a group collects goods and then gives them out to their owns members or members of their groups, they are participating in ___.

Answer 29

Redistribution

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the economics of potlatch of the tribes of the Pacific Northwest Coast?

Answer 30

A method increasing productivity and distributing food and goods to a large dispersed population

Question 31

Leveling mechanisms are ways of evening out the distribution of wealth in society. Which of the following is the best example of a leveling mechanism?

Answer 31

The welfare and social security systems of modern industrialized nations.

Question 32

In Mexico, a cargo is ____.

Answer 32

A religious office held for a year and requiring substantial financial outlay

Question 33

Today’s market exchange system can be characterized by the phrase, caveat emptor, which means ____.

Answer 33

“Let the buyer beware”

Question 34

Which type of resource is primarily used to generate profit for their owners?

Answer 34

Capital

Question 35

Which statements best describes capitalism?

Answer 35

An economic system that has become predominant in the last 300 years

Question 36

Which of the following is one of the fundamental attributes of capitalism?

Answer 36

People in capital societies sell their labor for wages in order to survive

Question 37

Which of the following best reflects the mission of UX (User Experience) research?

Answer 37

It seeks to understand the ways in which people interact with products, services, and companies

Question 38

A key attribute about worker’s wages in capitalist system is that ____.

Answer 38

The value of what they produce is always intended to be worth more than what they are paid to produce it

Question 39

Family members providing resources and services to each other without expecting anything in return is a form of ____.

Answer 39

Generalized reciprocity

Question 40

There are many people in the United States who resists capitalism. Some common ways they do so are ____.

Answer 40

Garage sales, hunting, and gathering

Question 41

True/False | It is not necessary for every society to have an economic system

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True/False | All economic behavior can be explained by financial profit and gain

Answer 42

False

Question 43

True/False | Capital is the productive resources that can be used to increase financial wealth

Answer 43

True

Question 44

True/False A household is similar to a firm because both are defined as groups that are united by kinship and have goals to increase their size indefinitely

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True/False | One universal aspect to the division of labor is that women have the major responsibility for child care.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True/False | Industrialization and specialization have limited the access people have to goods and services

Answer 46

False

Question 47

True/False | Since they can be used in gardening, the key items exchanged in Kula trade have great economic value.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True/False | The objective of negative reciprocity is to gain material advantage without having to give anything in return

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True/False | A leveling mechanism is a practice or form of social organization that evens out wealth in a society

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True/False Research in Zinacantan shows that the obligations to take on cargoes (or religious offices) generally prevents from becoming wealthy

Answer 50

False