Chapter 7 Political Organization Flashcards
A society’s political organization is primarily related to ____.
The degree of access individuals and groups have to basic materials resources
Anthropologists distinguish three patterns of social differentiation ___.
Egalitarian, rank, and stratified
The study of political processes focuses on ____.
Ways in which different groups within a society use power achieve goals
The dominance of political elite based on a close identification between their own goals and those of the larger society is called ___.
Hegemony
One thing that the Yoruba and Igbo of Nigeria as well as the Mende of Sierra Leone have in common is that ___.
In all three, women held important formal political office
Fear of witchcraft accusations would best be categorized as ___.
An informal mechanism of social control
In regulating human behavior, law ____.
Is only one among many forms of social control
As the anthropologist define law, it exists ____.
In all human societies
An important way of resolving conflict in band-level societies involves ____.
Contests between individuals
Which statement is most true of conflict in band-level societies?
Band-level societies minimize conflict between individuals but it does occur
A tribal society ____.
Imagines all of its members to be related by kinship
In society that is characterized by age grades, ___.
People follow a well-ordered progression through a series of age-related life stages
The Ojibwa coined the term okimakkan or “fake chief” when ____.
Outside governments insisted that the Ojibwa appoint a supreme leader
The “bigman” as a form of leadership is associated with ____.
Increasing food production and redistribution
During buffalo hunts, the Cheyenne maintained order by ____.
Policing by members of military societies
The Kpelle _____ to solve conflicts between disputing parties.
Moots
Which of the following do anthropologist argue as an explanation for warfare in tribal societies?
It may regulate the balance between population and resources
According to the text, what is the cause of Yanomamö warfare?
Attempts of individuals from one village to capture women from other villages
An important effect of European contact with the Yanomamö was ____.
Acquisition of firearms and increased fatalities in war
What statement about the Yanomamö warfare is true?
Yanomamö warfare intensified after contact with the West
Which statements about chiefs is most accurate?
Chief power is based on the ability to redistribute good and services
In ____, social ranking is based on kinship, and in ____, kinship ties do not regulate social relationships.
Chiefdoms; states
Compared with tribal societies, chiefdoms are likely to have ____.
Lower levels of internal violence
Which statements is an accurate anthropological explanation of the emergence of state-level societies?
States emerged for different reasons in different places and at different times
According to the conflict theory, the origin of the state can be explained by ____.
The emergence of centralization of power as a response to the emergence of an elite class that protects its power and privileges
What is the role of bureaucracy in a state society?
Supporting and carrying out the dictates of the elite
Agricultural productivity results in a surplus, which creates the opportunity for ____.
Taxation and wealth
In terms of political stability, state societies are ____.
Necessarily vigilant at all times for signs of threat to elite authority
Ethnic groups are a group of ____.
People who view themselves as sharing an identity that separates them from others in society
Which of the following best describes ethnic conflicts?
They are shaped by politics, economics, and history
Within tribal societies, a ____ is a way to mediate conflict.
Moot
A sovereign, geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive national culture and historical experience is called a ____.
Nation-state
Which of the following best describes the struggle between Shi’a and Sunni Muslims, according to the text?
It is of ancient origin but can only be understood in terms of recent and current political events
According to the text, which of the following statements most accurately describes ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia?
It is based on contemporary political manipulation of relatively small cultural difference
An important cultural difference between Serb and Croats from the former Yugoslavia is ____.
Serbs are Eastern Orthodox and Croats are Catholic
Which of the following statements best represents how nation-states have changed with globalization?
They have focused less on integrating national economies with national identities
McDonald’s was found I. The United States, and ____.
Today over 60% of its locations are in other countries
Ethnicity and nation-states are both ____.
Social constructions
Which of the following presents a strong challenge for nation-states that face increasing globalization?
The rise of multinational corporations that cut across nation-state lines
Which of the following is an example of a ritual performed in the United States which helps reinforce our national identity?
The pledge of allegiance
True/False
Political organization refers to the patterned ways in which power and authority are used in a society to regulate behavior
True
True/False
Rebellion aims at overthrowing the present political structure and replacing it with a new one
False
True/False
All humans societies have some normative system for dealing with people who break the rules
True
True/False
The tribal “bigman” is an inherited position of leadership
False
True/False
The interdependence of social stratification and the rise of the state are well illustrated by the operation of the Kpelle moot.
False
True/False
Tribes and chiefdoms both have centralized leadership
False
True/False
Because they maintain great coercive and hegemonic power, states are generally peaceful and stable
False
True/False
Most ethnic conflicts today reflect an uninterrupted history of ethnic hatred
False
True/False
Political authority in the Asante state was symbolized by the golden stool
True
True/False
Unlike the concept of the race which always involves perceived physical differences, ethnicity refers to perceived cultural differences
True
