Chapter 7 Political Organization

Question 1

A society’s political organization is primarily related to ____.

Answer 1

The degree of access individuals and groups have to basic materials resources

Question 2

Anthropologists distinguish three patterns of social differentiation ___.

Answer 2

Egalitarian, rank, and stratified

Question 3

The study of political processes focuses on ____.

Answer 3

Ways in which different groups within a society use power achieve goals

Question 4

The dominance of political elite based on a close identification between their own goals and those of the larger society is called ___.

Answer 4

Hegemony

Question 5

One thing that the Yoruba and Igbo of Nigeria as well as the Mende of Sierra Leone have in common is that ___.

Answer 5

In all three, women held important formal political office

Question 6

Fear of witchcraft accusations would best be categorized as ___.

Answer 6

An informal mechanism of social control

Question 7

In regulating human behavior, law ____.

Answer 7

Is only one among many forms of social control

Question 8

As the anthropologist define law, it exists ____.

Answer 8

In all human societies

Question 9

An important way of resolving conflict in band-level societies involves ____.

Answer 9

Contests between individuals

Question 10

Which statement is most true of conflict in band-level societies?

Answer 10

Band-level societies minimize conflict between individuals but it does occur

Question 11

A tribal society ____.

Answer 11

Imagines all of its members to be related by kinship

Question 12

In society that is characterized by age grades, ___.

Answer 12

People follow a well-ordered progression through a series of age-related life stages

Question 13

The Ojibwa coined the term okimakkan or “fake chief” when ____.

Answer 13

Outside governments insisted that the Ojibwa appoint a supreme leader

Question 14

The “bigman” as a form of leadership is associated with ____.

Answer 14

Increasing food production and redistribution

Question 15

During buffalo hunts, the Cheyenne maintained order by ____.

Answer 15

Policing by members of military societies

Question 16

The Kpelle _____ to solve conflicts between disputing parties.

Answer 16

Moots

Question 17

Which of the following do anthropologist argue as an explanation for warfare in tribal societies?

Answer 17

It may regulate the balance between population and resources

Question 18

According to the text, what is the cause of Yanomamö warfare?

Answer 18

Attempts of individuals from one village to capture women from other villages

Question 19

An important effect of European contact with the Yanomamö was ____.

Answer 19

Acquisition of firearms and increased fatalities in war

Question 20

What statement about the Yanomamö warfare is true?

Answer 20

Yanomamö warfare intensified after contact with the West

Question 21

Which statements about chiefs is most accurate?

Answer 21

Chief power is based on the ability to redistribute good and services

Question 22

In ____, social ranking is based on kinship, and in ____, kinship ties do not regulate social relationships.

Answer 22

Chiefdoms; states

Question 23

Compared with tribal societies, chiefdoms are likely to have ____.

Answer 23

Lower levels of internal violence

Question 24

Which statements is an accurate anthropological explanation of the emergence of state-level societies?

Answer 24

States emerged for different reasons in different places and at different times

Question 25

According to the conflict theory, the origin of the state can be explained by ____.

Answer 25

The emergence of centralization of power as a response to the emergence of an elite class that protects its power and privileges

Question 26

What is the role of bureaucracy in a state society?

Answer 26

Supporting and carrying out the dictates of the elite

Question 27

Agricultural productivity results in a surplus, which creates the opportunity for ____.

Answer 27

Taxation and wealth

Question 28

In terms of political stability, state societies are ____.

Answer 28

Necessarily vigilant at all times for signs of threat to elite authority

Question 29

Ethnic groups are a group of ____.

Answer 29

People who view themselves as sharing an identity that separates them from others in society

Question 30

Which of the following best describes ethnic conflicts?

Answer 30

They are shaped by politics, economics, and history

Question 31

Within tribal societies, a ____ is a way to mediate conflict.

Answer 31

Moot

Question 32

A sovereign, geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive national culture and historical experience is called a ____.

Answer 32

Nation-state

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the struggle between Shi’a and Sunni Muslims, according to the text?

Answer 33

It is of ancient origin but can only be understood in terms of recent and current political events

Question 34

According to the text, which of the following statements most accurately describes ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia?

Answer 34

It is based on contemporary political manipulation of relatively small cultural difference

Question 35

An important cultural difference between Serb and Croats from the former Yugoslavia is ____.

Answer 35

Serbs are Eastern Orthodox and Croats are Catholic

Question 36

Which of the following statements best represents how nation-states have changed with globalization?

Answer 36

They have focused less on integrating national economies with national identities

Question 37

McDonald’s was found I. The United States, and ____.

Answer 37

Today over 60% of its locations are in other countries

Question 38

Ethnicity and nation-states are both ____.

Answer 38

Social constructions

Question 39

Which of the following presents a strong challenge for nation-states that face increasing globalization?

Answer 39

The rise of multinational corporations that cut across nation-state lines

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a ritual performed in the United States which helps reinforce our national identity?

Answer 40

The pledge of allegiance

Question 41

True/False
Political organization refers to the patterned ways in which power and authority are used in a society to regulate behavior

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True/False

Rebellion aims at overthrowing the present political structure and replacing it with a new one

Answer 42

False

Question 43

True/False

All humans societies have some normative system for dealing with people who break the rules

Answer 43

True

Question 44

True/False

The tribal “bigman” is an inherited position of leadership

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True/False
The interdependence of social stratification and the rise of the state are well illustrated by the operation of the Kpelle moot.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

True/False

Tribes and chiefdoms both have centralized leadership

Answer 46

False

Question 47

True/False

Because they maintain great coercive and hegemonic power, states are generally peaceful and stable

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True/False

Most ethnic conflicts today reflect an uninterrupted history of ethnic hatred

Answer 48

False

Question 49

True/False

Political authority in the Asante state was symbolized by the golden stool

Answer 49

True

Question 50

True/False
Unlike the concept of the race which always involves perceived physical differences, ethnicity refers to perceived cultural differences

Answer 50

True