Chapter 8 Section 3

Question 0

Holy Land

Answer 0

Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe Jesus had lived and preached.

Question 1

Crusades

Answer 1

A series of wars from the 1000s through 1200s in which European Christians tried to win control of the Holy Land form Muslims.

Question 2

Pope Urban II

Answer 2

Urgently asked by the Byzantine emperor Alexius I for Christian knights to help him fight the Muslim Turks. The pope incited the bishops and nobles to action at the Council of Clermont in 1095. He hoped to increase his power in Europe and perhaps heal the schism between the Roman and Byzantine churches.

Question 3

Reconquista

Answer 3

During the 1400s, the campaign by European Christians to drive the Muslims from present-day Spain.

Question 4

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 4

In 1492, the marriage between these two created the unified state called Spain. Using their combined forces, they made a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Granada and when it fell in 1492, the Reconquista was complete.

Question 5

Inquisition

Answer 5

A Church court set up to try people accused of heresy.

Question 6

Saladin

Answer 6

In 1187, Jerusalem fell to the Muslims under this leader. On the Third Crusade, Europeans failed to retake Jerusalem. After negotiations, however, he did reopen the holy city to Christian pilgrims

Question 7

Marco Polo

Answer 7

A young Venetian, he set out for China with his merchant father and uncle in 1271. After many years in China, he returned to Venice and wrote a book about the wonders of Chinese civilization.

Question 8

Richard the Lion-Heart

Answer 8

Son of Eleanor of Aquitaine, he was the king of England. While he was leading Crusades, which greatly added to his prestige, his mother was ruling in his place.