Chapter 8 Section 2

Question 0

Henry IV

Answer 0

He was crowned king of Germany in 1054 and later became the Holy Roman emperor. He was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII in 1076 when he argued the pope’s ban of lay investiture. Faced with revolts, he had make peace and he presented himself to the pope as a repentant sinner in January 1077. The pope lifted the excommunication and he quickly returned to Germany. He took his revenge by leading an army to Rome, forcing the pope into exile.

Question 1

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 1

Empire west of central Europe from 962 to 1806, comprising present-day Germany and neighboring lands.

Question 2

Pope Gregory VII

Answer 2

He was the pope during the time of Henry IV. He wanted to make the Church independent of secular rulers, so he banned lay investiture.

Question 3

Lay Investiture

Answer 3

Appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy.

Question 4

Fredrick Barbarossa

Answer 4

The Holy Roman emperor Fredrick I, called “Red Beard,” dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic. Although his armies were defeated, he did succeed.

Question 5

Pope Innocent III

Answer 5

He took office in 1198 and claimed supremacy over all other rulers as head of the Church. He clashed with all of the powerful rulers of his day and usually won. He helped to strengthen papal power within the Church.

Question 6

Concordat of Worms

Answer 6

The struggle over lay investiture dragged on for over 50 years. Finally in 1122, both sides accepted a treaty. This treaty declared that the Church had the sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority. The emperor, however, still invested them with fiefs.