Chapter 8 Section 2 Greek Philosophy And History Flashcards
Great thinkers who believe the human mind could understand everything were called…
Philosophers
Which word comes from the Greek word for “love of wisdom”?
Philosophy
What did Pythagoras teach?
He taught his pupils that the universe follows the same laws that govern music and numbers.
Who were the Sophists?
Professional teachers in ancient Greece. They traveled from city to city and made a living by teaching others. They did not believe gods and goddesses influenced people. They rejected the concept of absolute right and wrong.
Who was Socrates?
An athenian sculptor and philosopher and inventor of the Socratic method.
What is the Socratic method?
A method of teaching where he asked pointed questions to force his pupils to use reason to see things for themselves.
How did Socrates die?
He was found guilty and sentenced to death for teaching young Athenians to rebel against the state
Who was Plato?
Student of Socrates, and writer of the Republic, which explains his vision of government. Plato established to school in Athens known as the Academy.
Who was Aristotle?
Plato’s best student at the Academy. He opened his own school called the Lyceum. He taught the Golden mean.
How did Aristotle’s idea of government differ from Plato’s?
Plato describe the ideal government headed by philosopher kings who ruled using logic and wisdom.
Aristotle thought the government should be a mixture of democracy and oligarchy.
Who was Herodotus?
A Greek historian who wrote the history of the Persian wars. He is considered the father of history.
Who was Thucydides?
The greatest historian of the ancient world. He wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War.
He saw war and politics as activities of human beings not gods.
Before Herodotus, how did Greeks explain the past?
They Used legends and myths to explain their past.
Who were the sophists and what were their beliefs?
Office thought that people should use knowledge to improve themselves. They believe that there was no absolute right or wrong. They develop the art of public speaking and debate.
In the republic Plato described his ideal government dividing people into what three basic groups?
Philosopher kings who ruled using logic and wisdom.
Warriors defending the state from attack. They are driven by courage.
The rest of the people driven by desire. They produce the state’s food, clothing, and shelter.
