Chapter 8: Section 1

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The ability to cause motion

Question 2

Thermodynamics

Answer 2

The (laws of energy) study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Question 3

What does the ‘thermo’ in thermodynamics mean?

Answer 3

All energy turns into heat

Question 4

First law

Answer 4

(Law of conservation of energy) Energy can be converted to one form or another, and it cannot be created or destroyed

Question 5

Ex of the first law

Answer 5

Rubbing hands-> kinetic energy-> friction-> heat; plugging things in

Question 6

How can energy not be created or destroyed?

Answer 6

Sound generates friction that eventually creates heat

Question 7

Second law

Answer 7

(Entropy increases) Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy

Question 8

Where does the “lost” energy go?

Answer 8

Converted into chemical energy

Question 9

Entropy

Answer 9

Conversion of energy (usually heat) that is lost into the environment as heat

Question 10

Ex of entropy

Answer 10

Letting a ball swing, it eventually stops because of friction

Question 11

Autotroph

Answer 11

Organisms that make their own food, use photosynthesis

Question 12

Kingdoms of autotrophs

Answer 12

• plants
• some bacteria
• some protist

Question 13

Heterotrophs

Answer 13

Organisms that get their energy from consuming other organisms

Question 14

Kingdoms of heterotrophs

Answer 14

• animals
• fungus
• some protist
• some bacteria

Question 15

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 15

Use inorganic substances such as hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy

Question 16

Photoautotrophs

Answer 16

Autotrophs that convert light energy from the sun

Question 17

What things make up life?

Answer 17

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, anabolic acid

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

All the chemical reactions in a cell

Question 19

How many chemical reactions happen in our bodies every second?

Answer 19

Billion billions

Question 20

Chemical reaction

Answer 20

Making and breaking of bonds

Question 21

What happens when bonds break?

Answer 21

Energy is released

Question 22

What happens when bonds are made?

Answer 22

Storing energy

Question 23

Metabolic pathway

Answer 23

A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction us the substrate for the next reaction

Question 24

Catabolic pathways

Answer 24

Release energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 25

Anabolic pathways

Answer 25

Use the energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules

Question 26

Catabolic and anabolic pathways relationship:

Answer 26

Continual flow of energy within an organism

Question 27

Photosynthesis

Answer 27

Using light energy to build larger molecules (chemical energy)

Question 28

Autotrophs use light energy, carbon dioxide, water to form

Answer 28

Glucose and oxygen

Question 29

Cellular respiration

Answer 29

The process of turning food into our fuel (ATP)

Question 30

What does oxygen do in cellular respiration?

Answer 30

Breaks down organic molecules, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water

Question 31

Cyclical nature

Answer 31

The products of one reaction are the reactants for the other reaction

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

The unit of cellular energy

Question 33

Where is chemical energy stored

Answer 33

Biological molecules

Question 34

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 34

APT most important biological molecules that provides chemical energy

Question 35

What is the order when phosphates continue to break down because they are malnourished?

Answer 35

ATP->ADP->AMP

Question 36

ATP is:

Answer 36

• most abundant energy carrier
• found in all types of organisms
  Made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Question 37

How many phosphates are on an ATP?

Answer 37

3

Question 38

ATP function

Answer 38

Releases when the bond between the second and third phosphate group is broken