Chapter 3

Question 1

Communities

Answer 1

A group of interacting populations at the same place and time, only biotic

Question 2

Limiting factors

Answer 2

Any abiotic or biotic factors that limits the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

Question 3

Abiotic limiting factors examples

Answer 3

Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil chemistry, space

Question 4

Biotic limiting factors examples

Answer 4

Living things

Question 5

Range of tolerance

Answer 5

What an organism can deal with in order to survive

Question 6

Zone of stress

Answer 6

The area between the range of tolerance and range of intolerance

Question 7

Range of intolerance

Answer 7

Where an organism can’t live due to the biotic and abiotic factors

Question 8

Optimum zone

Answer 8

Place where a particular species likes to be

Question 9

Ecological succession

Answer 9

How an ecosystem is going to change over time

Question 10

Primary succession

Answer 10

The establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil

Question 11

Primary succession examples

Answer 11

Lava, rockslide, desert, tundra

Question 12

Lichens and mosses

Answer 12

Help create acids that help to break down rocks. Water, wind

Question 13

Climax community

Answer 13

Mature community that results when there is little change in the composition of species

Question 14

Secondary succession

Answer 14

Soil has been made, something wipes out what’s living on it

Question 15

Ex of secondary succession

Answer 15

Fire, flood, windstorm, mudslide, tilling

Question 16

Pioneer stages

Answer 16

Bare rock, lichens, small plants (primary)

Question 17

Intermediate stages

Answer 17

Grasses, shrubs, shade tolerant trees (secondary)

Question 18

Mature community

Answer 18

Shade tolerant trees (secondary)

Question 19

What are the 2 things that make up a biome?

Answer 19

Precipitation and temperature

Question 20

Weather

Answer 20

The condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place

Question 21

Latitude

Answer 21

Horizontal lines north or south from the equator

Question 22

Climate

Answer 22

Average weather

Question 23

Mountains

Answer 23

• not a true biome

- many biomes as you go up

Question 24

Polar regions

Answer 24

• not a biome

- no soil, just ice

Question 25

% of water in the world

Answer 25

97 salt, 3 fresh, (2 of that frozen, 1 drinkable), 1 groundwater

Question 26

Fast moving rivers

Answer 26

No sediment, fewer species

Question 27

Slow moving rivers

Answer 27

More life, lots of sediment

Question 28

Lakes and ponds

Answer 28

Turnover

Question 29

3 zones of lakes and ponds in order

Answer 29

1. Littoral
2. Limnetic
3. Profundal

Question 30

Littoral zone

Answer 30

Shallow water, many producers, lots of light

Question 31

Limnetic zone

Answer 31

Open water area, well lit, dominated by algae

Question 32

Profundal zone

Answer 32

Minimal light, cold, low oxygen

Question 33

Transitional aquatic ecosystems

Answer 33

Wetlands, marshes, swamps, bogs

Question 34

Estuary

Answer 34

Ecosystem when land meets water, or freshwater meets saltwater

Question 35

4 marine ecosystem zones in order

Answer 35

1. Intertidal zone
2. Photic zone
3. Aphotic zone
4. Abyssal zone

Question 36

Intertidal zone

Answer 36

Where ocean meets land, tide

Question 37

Photic zone

Answer 37

Has fish, whales, lots of light

Question 38

Aphotic zone

Answer 38

Sunlight is unable to penetrate

Question 39

Abyssal zone

Answer 39

Deepest region of the ocean, very cold

Question 40

Benthic zone

Answer 40

Area along the ocean floor that has sand, wild, and dead organisms