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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of life’s interactions with the environment

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2
Q

Ecology studies

A

An organism and how it interacts with its environment

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3
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors in an organism’s environment, any specific type of animal or plant

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4
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non living factors in an organisms environment

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5
Q

Abiotic factor examples:

A
  • weather
  • air
  • sun
  • dry dirt
  • rocks
  • sand
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6
Q

6 levels of organization:

A
  1. Organism
  2. Population
  3. Biological community
  4. Ecosystem
  5. Biome
  6. Biosphere
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7
Q

Organism

A

Single living thing

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8
Q

Population

A

Species specific, where its located, at the same time

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9
Q

Biological community

A

A group of interacting populations that are only biotic

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10
Q

Ecosystem

A

Biological community and everything that is abiotic and biotic that affect it

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11
Q

Biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar types of communities (because of the same weather)

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12
Q

Biosphere

A

Layer around earth where we find life

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13
Q

Ecosystem examples

A

Pasture, creek, woods, in a pond

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14
Q

Biome examples

A

Rainforest, desert, grassland, woodland

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15
Q

Ecosystems interactions

A

Habitat, niche

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16
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism lives

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17
Q

Niche

A

An organisms role in its environment

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18
Q

Community interactions

A

Competition, predation

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19
Q

Competition

A

When 2 things want the same thing, more serious, life and death

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20
Q

Predation

A

One organism gets their food by killing and eating other organisms

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21
Q

Symbiotic relationship

A

A relationship between two or more species

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22
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

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23
Q

Mutualism examples

A

Bee and flowers, birds and rhino

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24
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits and nothing happens to the other

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25
Q

Commensalism examples

A

Bird and a tree

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26
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits, and the other is harmed, not predation

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27
Q

Parasitism examples

A

Parasites, mosquito, tick, leech

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28
Q

Lichens

A

Relationship between a microscopic producer and consumer

29
Q

Lichen examples

A

Living on a rock, or bark of a tree

30
Q

Energy in an ecosystem:

A

Autotrophs (producer), heterotrophs (consumer)

31
Q

Autotrophs

A

Producer, organism that makes its own food from the sunlight, photosynthesis

32
Q

Autotroph examples

A

Plants, protist, bacteria

33
Q

Heterotroph

A

Consumer, organism that gets its energy from consuming other organisms

34
Q

Heterotroph examples

A

Animals, fungus, protist, bacteria

35
Q

Consumer types

A

Herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, scavenger, detritivore

36
Q

Herbivore

A

Organism that eats autotrophs

37
Q

Herbivore examples

A

Cow, grasshopper, deer

38
Q

Carnivore

A

Heterotroph that consumes other heterotrophs

39
Q

Carnivore examples

A

Cat, polar bear, coyote

40
Q

Omnivore

A

Heterotrophs that consumes other heterotrophs and autotrophs

41
Q

Omnivore examples

A

Black bear, robin, raccoon

42
Q

Scavenger examples

A

Possum, raccoon

43
Q

Detritivore

A

Decomposer, break down dead fragments of matter and return nutrients to the soil, air and water

44
Q

Detritivore examples

A

Animals, plants, fungus, protist, bacteria

45
Q

Food chain

A

Flow of energy from one organism to another

46
Q

Trophic level

A

Each step in a food chain or web

47
Q

Food web

A

Interconnected food chains

48
Q

Ecological pyramid

A

A diagram, uses the 10% rule. All start with producers

49
Q

3 types of pyramids

A

Pyramid of energy, pyramid of biomass, pyramid of numbers

50
Q

Evaporation of surface water, humidity, condensation, precipitation, percolation, transpiration

A

The water cycle

51
Q

Humidity

A

Measure of water vapor in the air

52
Q

Condensation

A

Turning gas into a liquid

53
Q

Runoff

A

A lot of rain fast, causes erosion

54
Q

Percolation

A

Rain absorbs into the soil

55
Q

Transpiration

A

Water moves through a plant using evaporation

56
Q

What percent of humidity comes from surface water?

A

90%

57
Q

What percent of humidity comes from plants?

A

10%

58
Q

What percent of earths water is salt water?

A

97%

59
Q

__% of water is fresh water,__% of that fresh water is frozen.

A

3, 2

60
Q

Carbon and oxygen cycle

A

Photosynthesis

61
Q

Carbon and oxygen cycle: long term

A

Organic matter is converted into fossil fuels

62
Q

Carbon and oxygen cycle: short term

A

Burning of fossil fuels

63
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen fixation, denitrification

64
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

When nitrogen is made usable for plants

65
Q

Denitrification

A

Turning fixed nitrogen compounds back into atmospheric nitrogen

66
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

Comes from rocks and minerals

67
Q

Phosphorus: short term

A

Photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition

68
Q

Phosphorus: long term

A

Erosion of rocks

Biology (12 decks)

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