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Biochem 1 > Chapter 8 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Review Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant biomolecules on Earth. Central role in energy yielding pathway. Structural element in DNA/RNA. Structural element of cell wall

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Monosaccharides

A

(C*H2O)n with n >/= 3

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3
Q

All amino acids have ______-stereochemistry

A

L

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4
Q

All carbohydrates have _______-stereochemistry.

A

D

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5
Q

2^n (n is the # of stereocenter carbons)

A

of stereoisomers

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6
Q

2 kinds of carbohydrates

A

Aldehydes & Ketones (vary only based on where the carbonyl is)

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7
Q

Alcohol + aldehyde =

A

hemiacetal

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8
Q

alcohol + ketone =

A

hemiketal

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9
Q

Linear carbohydrates are not common. Most of the time the ________ is being attacked by the chain’s _______.

A

ketone ; alcohol

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10
Q

Aldehyde

A 
O
       l l
       C
     /     \
 H        C
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11
Q

Ketone

A 
O
      ll
      C
    /    \
R         R
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12
Q

6-membered ring

A

Pyran

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13
Q

5-membered ring

A

Furan

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14
Q

_________ is the only sugar that has all the bulkiest substituents equatorial.
The most stable (and abundant) sugar

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Oxidation of an aldehyde produces

A

carboxylic acid

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16
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohols produces

A

Uronic acids

17
Q

Reduction of aldehyde produces

A

alditols

18
Q

Reduction of alcohols produces

A

deoxy sugars

19
Q

Amine substitution of alcohol

A

Amino sugars

20
Q

Cellulose is linked via ___ configuration on the anomeric carbon

A

β

21
Q

α-amylose is linked via ___ configuration. α-amylose is also irregularly aggregating ________ coiled configuration.

A

α ; helically

22
Q

Glycosaminoglycans are

A

Repeating Disaccharide Units

23
Q

_____- amino acids occur in the bacterial cell walls.

A

L

24
Q

Proteoglycan (Bottle Brush)

A

Protein connected to glycan

25
Q

Why would a protein want to be connected to a polysaccharide?

A
  • Adds flexibility
  • Communication between units
  • Sample space
  • Important for antibodies (antigen is found on the outside of the cell)
26
Q

What proteins are modified by polysaccharides?

A

Cell membrane proteins

27
Q

D-configuration means

A

OH group is on the right

28
Q

L-configuration means

A

OH group is on the left

29
Q

Epimers

A

Sugars that differ only by the configuration around one C atom.

30
Q

Enantiomers

A

molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of one another. A type of stereoisomer.

31
Q

Diastereomers

A

members of each pair of enantiomers

32
Q

Anomers

A

Sugars that differ only in the configuration around the anomeric carbon.

33
Q

β anomer

A

OH substituent is on the same side

34
Q

α anomer

A

OH is on the opposite side of the ring from CH2OH group at the chiral center that designates the D or L configuration.

35
Q

Anomeric Carbon

A

Carbon #1 with OH group. This is where the nitrogen base attacks. CH2OH is the 5’ carbon.

Biochem 1 (18 decks)

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