Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

Nonpolar molecules aggregating together ______ entropy.

Answer 1

Increases

Question 2

Dissociation of H2O

Answer 2

H2O –> H+ and OH-

Question 3

Kd (dissociation constant) of water

Answer 3

10^-14

Question 4

pH =

Answer 4

-log [H+]

Question 5

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 5

Proton Donor

Question 6

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 6

Proton Acceptor

Question 7

Ka (acid dissociation constant =

Answer 7

[H3O+][A-] / [HA][H2O]

Question 8

The blood in the body is buffered by

Answer 8

carbonic acid

Question 9

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

Answer 9

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/HA])

Question 10

The attractive forces acting on biological molecules include

Answer 10

ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions

Question 11

_______ and ________ can dissolve in water.

Answer 11

Polar and ionic substances

Question 12

The hydrophobic effect explains the exclusion of nonpolar groups as a way to __________________.

Answer 12

maximize the entropy of water molecules.

Question 13

Molecules diffuse across membranes which are permeable to them from regions of ________ concentration to _________ concentration.

Answer 13

Higher ; lower

Question 14

In dialysis, solutes diffuse across a _________ membrane from regions of ________ concentration to regions of ________ concentrations.

Answer 14

Semipermeable ; higher ; lower

Question 15

A titration curve demonstrates that if the concentrations of an acid and its conjugate base are _______, the solution is buffered against changes in pH when acid or base is added.

Answer 15

close

Question 16

Many biological molecules contain _________ so that they are ________ to changes in pH.

Answer 16

ionizable groups ; sensitive