Chapter 4 Review Flashcards
α Amino Acids
Have primary amino group as the substituent on the α carbon atom (the carbon next to the carboxylic acid)
Amino and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids readily ____.
Ionize
Amino acids are _______.
- Zwitterions (aka dipole ions)
- More soluble in polar solvent than nonpolar solvents.
Amino acids are polymerized through _______ reactions.
Condensation
Condensation Reactions
Bond forms with the elimination of a water molecule. CO-NH (peptide bond) forms.
3 groups of amino acids
- nonpolar R groups (9)
- uncharged polar R groups (6)
- Charged Polar R groups (5)
At low pH, acid-base groups are ___________.
Fully protonated
At high pH, acid-base groups are __________.
unprotonated
Isoelectric Point (pI)
pH at which a molecule carries no net electric charge
pI = 1/2 (pki+ pkj)
Amino acids in proteins all have the __________.
L stereochemical configuration
All amino acids (except _______) are all ___________ active.
Glycine ; optically
Always write amino acid sequences from _________ to __________.
N-terminus ; C-terminus
Enzymes speed up reactions by _______ the activation energy.
lowering
The simplest amino acid is _______. It _____ do any _____.
Glycine; can’t do any chemistry
Phenyl means
A deprotonated benzene ring.
