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NSCA CSCS Flashcards > Chapter 8 - Psychology of Athletic Preparation and Performance > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Psychology of Athletic Preparation and Performance Flashcards

1
Q

Achievement motivation

A

Efforts to master a task, achieve excellence, and engage in competition or social comparison - the desire to win

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2
Q

Anxiety

A

Subcategory of arousal that is a negatively perceived emotional state

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3
Q

Arousal

A

A blend of physiological activation in an individual and refers to the intensity of motivation in a given moment

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4
Q

Attention

A

The processing of both environmental and internal cues that come to awareness

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5
Q

Augmented feedback

A

Feedback provided to the athlete by an observer such as a coach or video/lab equipment

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6
Q

Autogenic training

A

Focusing on a sense of warmth and heaviness in a muscle group to reduce arousal or anxiety

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7
Q

Catastrophe theory

A

Performance theory that states that a catastrophic decline in abilities, rather than gradual decline, can occur past a certain arousal level

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8
Q

Cognitive anxiety

A

Anxiety manifested cognitively as a negative perception of the situation

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9
Q

Counterconditioning

A

Combining mental and physical techniques to replace fear response to cues with a relaxation response

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10
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing

A

Focused attention on the process of breathing to clear the mind and increase concentration

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11
Q

Discovery

A

Instructing the athlete on the overarching goal of the task and the athlete receives little to no direction

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12
Q

Distress

A

Negative stress

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13
Q

Drive theory

A

The arousal theory that proposes that as an individuals arousal or state anxiety increases, the performance also increases

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14
Q

Emotions

A

Temporary feeling states that occur in response to events

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15
Q

Enhancement

A

Increased effectiveness of an already learned movement

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16
Q

Eustress

A

Positive stress

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17
Q

Explicit instructions

A

Prescriptive information that gives the athlete rules for effectively executing a given task

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18
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation from an external source - i.e. “trophies, social approval”

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19
Q

Fractionalization

A

Breaking down tasks into subcomponents that must ultimately occur simultaneously

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20
Q

Goal setting

A

A process of pursuing progressively challenging standard of performance with a defined criterion of task success which increases the likelihood of success

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21
Q

Guided discovery

A

Providing prompts for a task without explicitly telling the athlete how to do the task

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22
Q

Ideal performance state

A

Ultimate goal of every athlete - competition performance marked by psychological and physiological efficiency

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23
Q

Imagery

A

A cognitive skill in which an athlete creates or recreates an experience in his or her mind

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24
Q

Individual zones of optimal functioning

A

Different people in different types of performances perform best with very different levels of arousal

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25
Q

Intrinsic feedback

A

Feedback provided to the athlete by his or her own senses

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26
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

A desire to be competent and self-determining - i.e. “love of the game”

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27
Q

Inverted-U Theory

A

Theory of performance that states that arousal facilitates performance until an optimal level beyond which increased arousal decreases performance

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28
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Feedback regarding an athlete’s movement pattern

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29
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Feedback of information about the execution of a task or goal

30
Q

Long-term goals

A

Overarching goal or vision of performance

31
Q

Mental imagery

A

Mental visualization of a movement or experience related to competition or performance

32
Q

Motivation

A

The intensity and direction of effort

33
Q

Motive to achieve success (MAS)

A

The desire to challenge oneself and evaluate one’s abilities

34
Q

Motive to avoid failure (MAF)

A

The desire to avoid the perception of shame that accompanies failure

35
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removal of something valued as a punishment for an undesired behavior

36
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removal of something valued as a punishment for an undesired behavior

37
Q

Observational practice

A

Observing a task or skill performed by other novice, intermediate, or expert performers

38
Q

Operant

A

The targeted or desired behavior of positive reinforcement

39
Q

Outcome goals

A

Goals over which the athlete has little control which are typically focused on winning or competitive result in an event

40
Q

Part practice

A

Separating a skill into a series of subcomponents practice individually

41
Q

Physiological efficiency

A

Employing only the amount of physical and mental energy to accomplish the task at hand

42
Q

Positive punishment

A

Presentation of an act/object that could decrease an undesired behavior’s occurrence - i.e. pushups after practice do to poor performance

43
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

The act of increasing the probability of occurrence of a given targeted behavior by rewarding the behavior

44
Q

Process goals

A

Goals that the athlete has control over which typically focus on actions needed to execute a skill

45
Q

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)

A

Self-regulation of physical and psychological arousal through control of skeletal muscle tension

46
Q

Progressive-part training

A

Practicing two skill subcomponents individually before combining them then practices the third component and adding it to the first two until the whole skill is mastered

47
Q

Psychological efficiency

A

The ability to overcome negative thoughts and arousal that may impede performance

48
Q

Pure-part training

A

Practicing each skill subcomponent independently before combining them together

49
Q

Random practice

A

Practicing multiple skills in a random order in the same session

50
Q

Repetitive part training

A

Practicing first part in isolation, then adding each subsequent part until the whole skill is done as one movement

51
Q

Reversal theory

A

Athlete’s perception of arousal/anxiety as important for performance as the level itself

52
Q

Routine

A

Mental checklist that consciously directs thoughts to task-relevant and controllable concerns

53
Q

Segmentation

A

Breaking down tasks into subcomponents that have clear breaks

54
Q

Selective attention

A

The Inhibition of attention on some stimuli to focus on others

55
Q

Self-confidence

A

The belief in oneself that one can be successful at a given endeavor

56
Q

Self-controlled practice

A

Allowing athlete feedback and input regarding practice, performance, or which skill to work on

57
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Perception of one’s ability to perform a task under a specific set of circumstances

58
Q

Self-talk

A

Inner dialogue within the athlete - can be internal or spoken out loud

59
Q

Short-term goals

A

Goals related to current training or competition that are attainable in a relatively short time-frame

60
Q

Simplification

A

Adjusting task difficulty by changing characteristics or equipment

61
Q

Somatic anxiety

A

Anxiety manifested through physical symptoms such as tense muscles, fast heart rate, and upset stomach

62
Q

Sport psychology

A

A multifaceted discipline that employs exercise science and psychological principles to understand behavioral processes and cognitions on movement.

63
Q

State anxiety

A

Acute subjective experience of apprehension and uncertainty

64
Q

Stress

A

A substantial imbalance between demand and response capability where consequences of failure to meet demand are present

65
Q

Stressor

A

An environmental or cognitive event that precipitates stress

66
Q

Systematic desensitization (SD)

A

Combining mental and physical techniques to replace fear response to cues with a relaxation response

67
Q

Trait anxiety

A

Enduring personality disposition towards perceiving an environment as threatening

68
Q

Variable practice

A

Variations of a skill performed within a single practice

69
Q

Whole practice

A

Practicing a single skill and all its subcomponents at once

70
Q
A

NSCA CSCS Flashcards (24 decks)

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