Chapter 7 - Age- and Sex-Related Differences and Their Implications for Resistance Exercise

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

Development period between childhood and adulthood with accelerated growth and sexual maturation

Question 2

Adulthood

Answer 2

State of full physical and sexual maturity in men and women

Question 3

Amenorrhea

Answer 3

The absence of a menstrual cycle for more than 3 months

Question 4

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Answer 4

Ligament in the front of the knee

Question 5

Apophyseal

Answer 5

Location of tendon insertion along the diaphysis where growth cartilage is located

Question 6

Biological age

Answer 6

Human age measured in terms of skeletal age, physique maturity, or sexual maturation

Question 7

Childhood

Answer 7

Period of life before the development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

Chronological age

Answer 8

The age in months or years

Question 9

Cocontraction

Answer 9

Muscle contraction following ground contract

Question 10

Development

Answer 10

The natural progression from prenatal life to adulthood

Question 11

Diaphysis

Answer 11

The central shaft of a long bone

Question 12

Ectomorphic

Answer 12

Slender and tall build

Question 13

Endomorphic

Answer 13

Rounded build with broader hips

Question 14

Female athlete triad

Answer 14

The interrelationship between menstrual function, energy availability, and bone mineral density in female athletes

Question 15

Growth

Answer 15

Increase in body size or particular body part

Question 16

Growth cartilage

Answer 16

Secondary ossification centers found on the epiphyseal growth plate, joint surface, and apophyseal insertions of muscle-tendon units

Question 17

Maturation

Answer 17

The process of becoming mature and fully-functional

Question 18

Menarche

Answer 18

The onset of menstruation

Question 19

Mesomorphic

Answer 19

Muscular build with broad shoulders

Question 20

Older

Answer 20

Ages above 65 years old

Question 21

Osteopenia

Answer 21

Loss of bone mineral density between -1 and -2.5 standard deviations from the adult mean

Question 22

Osteoporosis

Answer 22

Loss of bone mineral density below -2.5 standard deviations from the adult mean

Question 23

Peak height velocity (PHV) ​

Answer 23

age of maximal growth during a puberty growth spurt

Question 24

Preactivation

Answer 24

muscle contraction before ground contact

Question 25

Puberty

Answer 25

the period of time in which secondary sex characteristics develop and a child transitions to young adulthood

Question 26

Resistance exercise

Answer 26

Exercise involving a wide range of resistive loads to enhance physical health and performance

Question 27

Sarcopenia

Answer 27

Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age

Question 28

Senior

Answer 28

Age above 65

Question 29

Training age

Answer 29

Amount of time spent following a structured, well-planned resistance training program

Question 30

Youth

Answer 30

Children and adolescents

Question 31

Young athlete

Answer 31

Child or adolescent athlete