Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

The final passages in the respiratory system where gases are exchanged from the lungs.

Question 2

Anatomical dead space

Answer 2

the area not functional for gas exchange (trachea, nose, mouth)

Question 3

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

Answer 3

the difference in O2 content of arterial and venous blood

Question 4

Blood doping

Answer 4

The process of artificially increasing red blood cell mass

Question 5

Bradycardia

Answer 5

Low heart rate

Question 6

Cardiac output

Answer 6

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute.

Question 7

Detraining

Answer 7

The partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations in response to an insufficient training stimulus

Question 8

Diastole

Answer 8

The phase of heart contraction after blood has been pumped before the heart is filled

Question 9

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 9

the pressure exerted on arterial walls when no blood being ejected

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

The movement of gasses across a membrane based on their partial pressures (O2 and CO2 in the case of the alveoli and capillaries)

Question 11

Double product

Answer 11

The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value also known as the rate-product

Question 12

Ejection fraction

Answer 12

the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected during heart contraction

Question 13

End-diastolic volume

Answer 13

Volume of blood in the left ventricle after filling phase

Question 14

Erythropoietin

Answer 14

Performance-enhancing substance that increases red blood cell production

Question 15

Fick equation

Answer 15

used to calculate oxygen uptake

• VO₂ = Q x a-vO₂ difference

Question 16

Frank-Starling mechanism

Answer 16

the principle that increased end-diastolic volume stretches myocardial fibers resulting in more forceful contraction and increased systolic ejection

Question 17

Functional overreaching

Answer 17

Short period of intensified training

Question 18

Heart rate

Answer 18

the number of heartbeats per minute (BPM)

Question 19

Hyperoxic breathing

Hyperventilation

Answer 19

Increased pulmonary ventilation at rest and during exercise

Question 20

Maximal heart rate

Answer 20

the maximum heart rate attainable via exercise

Question 21

Maximal oxygen uptake

Answer 21

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be used by the body

Question 22

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 22

average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

Question 23

Metabolic equivalent

Answer 23

.5ml O2 per minute per kg.bw - typical resting O2 consumption

Question 24

Minute ventilation

Answer 24

The volume of air breathed per minute

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Organelle of cells that facilitates aerobic metabolism

Question 26

Myoglobin

Answer 26

a protein that transports oxygen within the muscle cell

Question 27

Nonfunctional overreaching

Answer 27

An extended period of excessive training beyond FOR

Question 28

Overreaching

Answer 28

Increased training volume and intensity over extended periods. Can be functional or nonfunctional

Question 29

Overtraining

Answer 29

A continuum of responses to intensified training without proper recovery

Question 30

Overtraining syndrome (OTS)

Answer 30

Serious drop in performance and other markers associated with long periods of excessive volume and intensity without recovery

Question 31

Oxygen uptake

Answer 31

the amount of oxygen consumed by body tissues

Question 32

Physiological dead space

Answer 32

Area of the respiratory system that does not allow gas exchange due to damaged alveoli

Question 33

Rate-pressure product

Answer 33

The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value

Question 34

Stroke volume

Answer 34

The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Question 35

Systole

Answer 35

Contraction phase of a heartbeat

Question 36

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 36

pressure during contraction

Question 37

Tapering

Answer 37

Planned reduction of training volume that occurs before competitive or as a part of a recovery microcycle

Question 38

Tidal volume

Answer 38

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

Question 39

Vasoconstriction

Answer 39

Tightening of veins or arteries to reduce blood flow

Question 40

Vasodilation

Answer 40

Enlargement of veins or arteries to allow increased blood flow

Question 41

Venous return

Answer 41

The amount of blood returning to the heart

Question 42

Ventilatory equivalent

Answer 42

The ratio of the volume of air ventilating the lungs to the volume of oxygen consumed