Chapter 8 Pruning Flashcards
Because pruning removes leaves and reduces the overall photosynthetic capacity of a tree, it also reduces _________
Growth
Name 5 common reasons for removing limbs from trees
Dead, diseased, hazardous, crossing, thinning for light or air penetration, weight reduction, size reduction, obstructing views, signs, clearance,
To maximize flowering, plants that bloom on current seasons wood should be pruned prior to __________, or in the summer after bloom has occurred. Plants that bloom on last seasons wood should be pruned just after ________
Leaf emergence, bloom
T/f trees that tend to “bleed” should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor.
False
________ ________ is bark that gets pushed inside the branch union as 2 branches grow and develop.
Included bark
The swollen area at the base of a branch where it arises from the trunk is called the ______ ______
Branch collar
2 limbs that arise from apical buds on the same stem are known as ________ ______ and are both direct extensions of the stem below.
Codominant stems/branches
T/f in the absence of included bark, the relative size of a branch in relation to the trunk is more important for strength of branch attachment than is the angle of attachment.
True
- T/f codominant stems can represent a structurally unstable branch configuration, especially if there is included bark in the junction.
True
When training young trees, a single central leader should be selected and compelling leaders should be removed or ________
Subordinated
T/f as a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of severe pruning than juvenile trees
True
When practical, temporary lower branches should be left on a young tree to help develop trunk _________
Taper
When pruning palms, if older, Live fronds must be removed, avoid removing fronds that initiate above ________
Horizontal
________ _______ is the removal of dead, dying, and weak branches from a tree.
Crown cleaning
T/f even the removal of 25% of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree.
True
_________ includes crown cleaning as well as selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air movement into the crown of the tree.
Thinning
Caution must be taken not to create an effect known as _______ __________, which is caused by excessive removal of inner laterals and foliage.
Lion tailing
Three adverse affects of lion tailing are
Uneven foliage distribution
Sunburned bark tissue
Weakened branch structure
___________ is best accomplished by cutting limbs back to laterals that are large enough to sustain the remaining branch and assume the terminal role.
Reduction
3 adverse effects of topping include
Excessive water sprout development
Weak branch attachment
Unnatural growth form
Pruning when trees are ________ can minimize the risk of pest problems associated with wound entry and allow trees to take advantage of the full growing season to begin closing and compartmentalizing wounds.
Dormant
T/f research on wound dressings shows that their use prevents decay.
False
_______ ______ _______ are substances, usually effective in small quantities, which enhance or alter the growth and development of a plant
Plant growth regulators
Name 2 ways plant growth regulators are used by arborists
Reduce growth
Restrict sucker growth
Branch protection zone
Zone has chemical and physical properties that retard the spread of decay
Antigibberellins
Inhibits gibberellin. Regulates cell elongation
