Chapter 8 Pruning

Question 1

Because pruning removes leaves and reduces the overall photosynthetic capacity of a tree, it also reduces _________

Answer 1

Growth

Question 2

Name 5 common reasons for removing limbs from trees

Answer 2

Dead, diseased, hazardous, crossing, thinning for light or air penetration, weight reduction, size reduction, obstructing views, signs, clearance,

Question 3

To maximize flowering, plants that bloom on current seasons wood should be pruned prior to __________, or in the summer after bloom has occurred. Plants that bloom on last seasons wood should be pruned just after ________

Answer 3

Leaf emergence, bloom

Question 4

T/f trees that tend to “bleed” should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

________ ________ is bark that gets pushed inside the branch union as 2 branches grow and develop.

Answer 5

Included bark

Question 6

The swollen area at the base of a branch where it arises from the trunk is called the ______ ______

Answer 6

Branch collar

Question 7

2 limbs that arise from apical buds on the same stem are known as ________ ______ and are both direct extensions of the stem below.

Answer 7

Codominant stems/branches

Question 8

T/f in the absence of included bark, the relative size of a branch in relation to the trunk is more important for strength of branch attachment than is the angle of attachment.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

10. T/f codominant stems can represent a structurally unstable branch configuration, especially if there is included bark in the junction.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

When training young trees, a single central leader should be selected and compelling leaders should be removed or ________

Answer 10

Subordinated

Question 11

T/f as a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of severe pruning than juvenile trees

Answer 11

True

Question 12

When practical, temporary lower branches should be left on a young tree to help develop trunk _________

Answer 12

Taper

Question 13

When pruning palms, if older, Live fronds must be removed, avoid removing fronds that initiate above ________

Answer 13

Horizontal

Question 14

________ _______ is the removal of dead, dying, and weak branches from a tree.

Answer 14

Crown cleaning

Question 15

T/f even the removal of 25% of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

_________ includes crown cleaning as well as selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air movement into the crown of the tree.

Answer 16

Thinning

Question 17

Caution must be taken not to create an effect known as _______ __________, which is caused by excessive removal of inner laterals and foliage.

Answer 17

Lion tailing

Question 18

Three adverse affects of lion tailing are

Answer 18

Uneven foliage distribution
Sunburned bark tissue
Weakened branch structure

Question 19

___________ is best accomplished by cutting limbs back to laterals that are large enough to sustain the remaining branch and assume the terminal role.

Answer 19

Reduction

Question 20

3 adverse effects of topping include

Answer 20

Excessive water sprout development
Weak branch attachment
Unnatural growth form

Question 21

Pruning when trees are ________ can minimize the risk of pest problems associated with wound entry and allow trees to take advantage of the full growing season to begin closing and compartmentalizing wounds.

Answer 21

Dormant

Question 22

T/f research on wound dressings shows that their use prevents decay.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

_______ ______ _______ are substances, usually effective in small quantities, which enhance or alter the growth and development of a plant

Answer 23

Plant growth regulators

Question 24

Name 2 ways plant growth regulators are used by arborists

Answer 24

Reduce growth

Restrict sucker growth

Question 25

Branch protection zone

Answer 25

Zone has chemical and physical properties that retard the spread of decay

Question 26

Antigibberellins

Answer 26

Inhibits gibberellin. Regulates cell elongation