Chapter 5 Tree nutrition and fertilization

Question 1

Trees take up essential elements, dissolved in ___________ through the roots.

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

___________ are elements required by trees in relatively large quantities.

Answer 2

Macronutrients

Question 3

The macronutrient ________________ are elements required by trees in relatively large quantities

Answer 3

Nitrogen

Question 4

Yellowing between the leaf veins is called ____________ and may be the result of mineral deficiencies

Answer 4

Chlorosis

Question 5

It is desirable to use _____-______ ________ because they release nutrients, usually nitrogen, over an extended period of time.

Answer 5

Slow release fertilizers

Question 6

The __________ __________, listed on the container, gives the relative percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Answer 6

Fertilizer analysis

Question 7

A 50 pound bag of 20-10-5 fertilizer contains _____ pounds of actual nitrogen.

Answer 7

10 pounds

Question 8

Manure and sewage sludge are ________ forms of fetilizer

Answer 8

Organic

Question 9

If fertilizer “burn” or leaching are potential problems, it may be desirable to use a ______-__________ fertilizer.

Answer 9

Slow-release

Question 10

If the concentration of salts within the surrounding soil is much greater than the concentration of solutes found in the root cells, this leads to a phenomenon known as ________ _________ in which water is “drawn out” of the roots.

Answer 10

Reverse osmosis

Question 11

The most important factor for good uptake of fertilizer elements is adequate ______

Answer 11

Water

Question 12

T/f surface application of fertilizer is relatively inexpensive and makes the fertilizer available in the upper few inches of soil.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the biggest problem with deep root fertilization?

Answer 13

Fertilizer is placed below the absorbing roots

Question 14

Foliar application of Fertilizer is sometimes used to correct ________ deficiencies.

Answer 14

Micronutrient

Question 15

Name 2 limitations to trunk implants and microinjections

Answer 15

Limited to trees over 4 inches in diameter

Resulting wounds limit ability to repeat applications

Not suited for addressing macronutrient defiencies

Question 16

Wilting, marginal burning and die back may be symptoms of excess _________ __________ in the root zone.

Answer 16

Fertilizer salts

Question 17

________ is the washing out of chemicals down through the soil.

Answer 17

Leaching

Question 18

Fertilization recommendations should be based on _________ __________.

Answer 18

Element requirements

Question 19

2 of the most important levels measured in a soil analysis are the _____ and the salt levels

Answer 19

Ph

Question 20

Studies now show that nitrogen fertilization can trigger a tree’s energy allocation toward growth, sometimes at the expense of _________.

Answer 20

Defense

Question 21

Micronutrients

Answer 21

Copper, chrlorine, boron

Question 22

10-6-4

Answer 22

Fertilizer analysis

Question 23

Urea formaldehyde

Answer 23

Slowly soluble, synthetic fertilizer

Question 24

Complete fertilizer

Answer 24

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 25

Chlorosis

Answer 25

Interveinal foliar yellowing

Question 26

Volatilization

Answer 26

Conversion of a solid or liquid into a gas or vapor

Question 27

Secondary nutrients

Answer 27

Required in moderate amounts. Magnesium and calcium

Question 28

What elements are deficient to a tree?

Answer 28

Iron, manganese and zinc

Question 29

Sufficient micronutrients in plants

Answer 29

Molybdenum, copper, chlorine, nickel and boron

Question 30

Which macronutrient is the most limiting?

Answer 30

Nitrogen