Chapter 5 Tree nutrition and fertilization Flashcards
Trees take up essential elements, dissolved in ___________ through the roots.
Water
___________ are elements required by trees in relatively large quantities.
Macronutrients
The macronutrient ________________ are elements required by trees in relatively large quantities
Nitrogen
Yellowing between the leaf veins is called ____________ and may be the result of mineral deficiencies
Chlorosis
It is desirable to use _____-______ ________ because they release nutrients, usually nitrogen, over an extended period of time.
Slow release fertilizers
The __________ __________, listed on the container, gives the relative percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Fertilizer analysis
A 50 pound bag of 20-10-5 fertilizer contains _____ pounds of actual nitrogen.
10 pounds
Manure and sewage sludge are ________ forms of fetilizer
Organic
If fertilizer “burn” or leaching are potential problems, it may be desirable to use a ______-__________ fertilizer.
Slow-release
If the concentration of salts within the surrounding soil is much greater than the concentration of solutes found in the root cells, this leads to a phenomenon known as ________ _________ in which water is “drawn out” of the roots.
Reverse osmosis
The most important factor for good uptake of fertilizer elements is adequate ______
Water
T/f surface application of fertilizer is relatively inexpensive and makes the fertilizer available in the upper few inches of soil.
True
What is the biggest problem with deep root fertilization?
Fertilizer is placed below the absorbing roots
Foliar application of Fertilizer is sometimes used to correct ________ deficiencies.
Micronutrient
Name 2 limitations to trunk implants and microinjections
Limited to trees over 4 inches in diameter
Resulting wounds limit ability to repeat applications
Not suited for addressing macronutrient defiencies
Wilting, marginal burning and die back may be symptoms of excess _________ __________ in the root zone.
Fertilizer salts
________ is the washing out of chemicals down through the soil.
Leaching
Fertilization recommendations should be based on _________ __________.
Element requirements
2 of the most important levels measured in a soil analysis are the _____ and the salt levels
Ph
Studies now show that nitrogen fertilization can trigger a tree’s energy allocation toward growth, sometimes at the expense of _________.
Defense
Micronutrients
Copper, chrlorine, boron
10-6-4
Fertilizer analysis
Urea formaldehyde
Slowly soluble, synthetic fertilizer
Complete fertilizer
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Chlorosis
Interveinal foliar yellowing
Volatilization
Conversion of a solid or liquid into a gas or vapor
Secondary nutrients
Required in moderate amounts. Magnesium and calcium
What elements are deficient to a tree?
Iron, manganese and zinc
Sufficient micronutrients in plants
Molybdenum, copper, chlorine, nickel and boron
Which macronutrient is the most limiting?
Nitrogen
