Chapter 11 plant health care Flashcards
Plant health care and integrated pest management are essentially the same thing.
False
Plant resources, produced through photosynthesis are allocated among four primary functions
Growth
Maintenance
Storage
Defense
______ can be described as any factor that limits a plants ability to acquire sufficient light, water or essential minerals
Stress
The ______ and ________in tree cells are indigestible to many insects and other animals, and eve to some pathogens.
Cellulose, lignin
Trees produce _________ such as tannins and phenols that have toxic or deterrent effects on certain insects.
Allelochemicals
Researchers have observed that rapidly growing trees are sometimes less resistant to certain insects and diseases.
True
________ is the process of observing, identifying, recording, and analyzing what happens with plants in the landscape.
Monitoring
The process of gathering information, assessing the severity and implications of the problem determining client expectations and deciding on a course of action is called the ________ _________ _______
Appropriate response process
Integrated pest management
A systematic approach to insect and disease management that incorporates a combination of techniques including resistant plants as well as cultural, biological and chemical control tactics.
A simple degree day model uses an established threshold temperature and the daily average temperatures to predict pest development stages.
True
When possible arborists should select trees that are _____ to known insects or diseases.
Resistant
Key pests
organisms that are frequently encountered in landscapes, predictably cause injury to landscape plants and may include particularly noxious pests in the area.
Extensive plantings of the same species known as __________, can have catastrophic consequences if an uncomfortable problem is introduced.
Mono cultures
PHC practitioners must choose from three pest management goals
Prevention, eradication, suppression
Pesticides often kill the targeted pest within minutes or hours of application, whereas biological control can take days or weeks to suppress a pest population.
True
_______ pesticides are taken up by the plant and trans located throughout the branches and into the leaves.
Systemic
________ ______ occurs when the pest population rapidly rebounds in the absence of natural enemies, which are slower to repopulate than the pest.
Pest resurgence
The use of multiple pesticides with different active ingredients or modes of action in a rotation system will increase the incidence of pesticide resistance.
False
Insecticidal soaps disrupt the cell membranes of soft bodied insects and are effective on some scales, aphids, mealybugs and spider mites.
True
Horticultural oil applications are always safe to use on trees in leaf because they have no phytotoxic properties
False
Insect growth regulators
Synthetic compounds that act like insect hormones
Microbial pesticides
Are derived from certain bacterial pathogens of insects.
Products that contain _______ ______ are examples of microbial pesticides that utilize insect pathogens or lethal microbial byproducts derived from extracts of bacterial pathogens of insects.
Bacillus Thuringiensis
The biological control strategy is based on the concept that many insect pests live in a natural, dynamic balance with ______, _______ and ________ that control pest populations
Predators, parasites and pathogens
PHC practitioners should identify short and or long term stress factors and remediate them using appropriate management techniques.
True
Degree day
Measuring seasonal warming on pest development
Threshold-daily average temperature
Pest according to IPM
Competes with desirable plants for resources
Threatens appearance of plants
Diminishes safety in landscape
