Chapter 1 Tree biology

Question 1

Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips, root tips and cambium are called

Answer 1

Meristems

Question 2

Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or blank meristems

Answer 2

Apical

Question 3

The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called

Answer 3

Apical dominance

Question 4

The “food factories” of trees are

Answer 4

Leaves

Question 5

The process of _______ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars. _______ is also a product of this reaction.

Answer 5

Photosynthesis, oxygen

Question 6

The green color of leaves is created by the presence of _________ which is necessary for photosynthesis to take place

Answer 6

Chlorophyll

Question 7

________ is the loss of water vapor from the leaves

Answer 7

Transpiration

Question 8

The opening and closing of _________ allow for gas exchange and transpiration is controlled by the ________ _______

Answer 8

Stomata, guard cells

Question 9

Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the ________. The ________ conducts carbohydrates.

Answer 9

Xylem, phloem

Question 10

The _______ is a layer of meristemic cells located between the pholem and the xylem

Answer 10

Cambium

Question 11

The ____ ____ is formed when trunk tissue grows around branch tissues. As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other in the branch union, the _______ ________ _________ is formed.

Answer 11

Branch collar, branch bark ridge

Question 12

___________ protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation

Answer 12

Bark

Question 13

Name 4 functions of the root system

Answer 13

Absorption, conduction, anchorage, storage, hormone production

Question 14

Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots in part by a process called

Answer 14

Osmosis

Question 15

The orientation of growth in response to an external stimulus is called ________. 2 examples are

Answer 15

Tropism, phototropism, geotropism

Question 16

CODIT stands for

Answer 16

Compartmentalization of decay in trees

Question 17

Trees with upright growth and a strong, central leader are said to exhibit _________ growth. More rounded trees, which are often broader than they are tall, have _______ growth

Answer 17

Excurrent, decurrent

Question 18

Roots and fungi form ________ which are a symbiotic relationship, aiding in the uptake of water and minerals

Answer 18

Mycorrhizae

Question 19

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch, is released is called

Answer 19

Respiration

Question 20

When cutting through a tree with a chain saw or drilling into a tree, you would pass through

Answer 20

Bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

Question 21

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth and increased girth of a tree

Answer 21

Cortex

Question 22

List of wood products from a hardwood tree

Answer 22

Cuticle
Epidermis
Cork cells
Cork cambium 
Phelloderm
Cortex
Phloem
Cambium 
Xylem

Question 23

Auxin

Answer 23

Plant growth regulator

Question 24

Petiole

Answer 24

Stalk of a leaf

Question 25

Internode

Answer 25

Between the nodes of a twig

Question 26

Lenticel

Answer 26

Small openings in stems for gas exchange

Question 27

Ray

Answer 27

Cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport

Question 28

Source

Answer 28

Mature green leaves, sugar producers

Question 29

Sink

Answer 29

Uses more energy than it produces

Question 30

What is the outermost ring and the innermost ring of the xylem?

Answer 30

Sapwood (water), heartwood

Question 31

Wall 1-4 (codit)

Answer 31

Wall 1-resists vertical spread
Wall 2-resists inward spread
Wall 3-inhibits lateral spread
Wall 4-forms after injury, new wood

Question 32

Tracheids

Answer 32

Are elongated dead cells with pointy ends thickened walls. Conduct water and mechanical support.

Question 33

Parenchyma cells

Answer 33

Outer layer. Store carbs, fight decay, structural function.

Question 34

Abscission zone

Answer 34

Area at the petiole base where cell breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop