Chapter 16- Climbing and Working In Trees Flashcards
List 4 defects that might be found during rope inspection that would require a rope to be retired.
Cuts, excessive fraying puffs, pulled fibers, abrasions, changes in diameter, discoloration, glazing of the fibers.
Before climbing a tree, a climber should inspect the tree for hazards such as
Broken limbs Electrical hazards Dead limbs Decay Splits
The load on any piece of climbing or rigging equipment can be many times higher than the weight of the climber or the limb being rigged.
True
Tensile strength
Force at which a new piece of equipment or rope in testing fails in tension under a static load.
Friction-saving
reduces the wear on the rope and damage to the tree and can, in some cases, facilitate climbing.
Figure-8 knot
Particular knot tied as a safety knot or stopper knot at the end of a line.
Stopper knot
Knot, usually a figure 8 knot, tied in the end of a line or in the tail of a knot to prevent the end or tail from passing through the knot.
Hitch
A type of knot made when a rope is secured around an object or its own standing part. Contrast with bend.
Bend
Type of knot used to join 2 rope ends together. Contrast with hitch.
2 methods of using a climbing line to to ascend a tree are ______-______ and ________ _________
Body thrust, secured footlock.
When footlocking, putting the hands on or above the Prusik hitch could cause it to slide down the climbing line, creating a fall.
True
Because _______ ______ can damage a tree, they are approved for use only on trees to be removed, or for aerial rescues.
Climbing spurs
For added stability and safety, a climber should be secured with a ______-_____ _______ in addition to the climbing line when using a chain saw in a tree.
Work positioning lanyard
The most important factor in any aerial rescue situation is speed—getting the victim to the ground in the shortest amount of time possible.
False
Rigging
The use of ropes and other equipment to take down trees or remove limbs.
_______-______ ropes are not recommended for natural-crotch rigging, where the friction of the cover with the trees causes an imbalance in the load taken by the core and cover braids.
Double-braid
Design factor
Factor by which the rated or minimum breaking strength or tensile strength is divided by in determining its working-load limit.
Caribiners must always be loaded along their ______ _____ and never across the gate.
Major axis
Arborist block
Heavy duty pulleys with a large rotating sheave for the lowering line, and a smaller, fixed sheave to accept a rope sling.
Rescue pulleys
Light duty pulley used in light rigging operations.
Natural crotches can be fast and effective for use as a rigging point, but the consistent friction and versatility of placement of an arborist block is often a great advantage.
True
When the piece must be removed without dropping either the butt or tip, it can be tied so it is _________, then lowered to the ground.
Balanced
Butt hitching
Method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block.
Drop cut
Branch removal technique consisting of an undercut and then a top cut, usually made farther out on the branch or with a chainsaw, directly over the undercut.
The ______ _____ is a variation of standard tree-felling techniques that employs the use of a notch and back cut to form a hinge and “steer” the limb.
Topping cut
Bollard
Posts that strap to a tree for taking wraps
Scabbard
Sheath for a handsaw
Bight
Curve or arc in a rope
Prusik loop
Used for secure footlocking. Used for climbing and rigging
Blake’s hitch
Climbing hitch
Rope sling
May be used to attach a block
Access line
Second climbing line for emergency rescue
Bend ratio
Ratio of the diameter of a branch, sheave or other device.
Snap cut
Cut that is handy for controlling relatively small sections of wood that may not require topping.
What must an arborist consider for tree failure
Condition of root systems, lean, history, species, growth habit, defects, quality of branch attachments
Visual tree assessment to look for:
Dieback, gaps, discoloration in the crown
Lean
Branches extending beyond the crown
Trunk taper
Root collar, trunk, root zone
Reaction wood
Support tree in leaning position. Trees develop lean as they grow into open light areas and away from larger trees or structures
Signs tree is failing:
Uplifted or broken roots, mounded soil or soil cracks near the base of the tree
Taper
Diameter that gradually decreases from the base to the tip.
3 basic types of fungal decay:
White, brown and soft rot
How is a barber chair prevented?
Bore cut
A rule of thumb is to use a block or pulley with a diameter that is at least
4 times times the rope diameter. 4:1
It is important to keep your weight on the rope
True
What is the minimum distance 2 tree workers with chain saws should be
10ft
The depth of the notch should be
1/3 or less the diameter of tree
The length of the hinge should be
80% of the tree diameter
When felling small to medium trees, allow a thickness of
5-10% of the diameter
Working end
Standing end
In use
Not in use
12 strand
No core. Tight woven is used for rigging. Loose, hollow braid is used for rigging slings.
3-strand
Low strength, elongated. Used for natural crotches, for climbing or rigging, block, pulley, false crotch.
16 strand
Core Not significant for load carrying. Cover strand is.
Tag line
Used to control the swing of a limb removed or control a tree falling
