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ISA > Chapter 16- Climbing and Working In Trees > Flashcards

Chapter 16- Climbing and Working In Trees Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 defects that might be found during rope inspection that would require a rope to be retired.

A

Cuts, excessive fraying puffs, pulled fibers, abrasions, changes in diameter, discoloration, glazing of the fibers.

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2
Q

Before climbing a tree, a climber should inspect the tree for hazards such as

A 
Broken limbs
Electrical hazards
Dead limbs 
Decay 
Splits
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3
Q

The load on any piece of climbing or rigging equipment can be many times higher than the weight of the climber or the limb being rigged.

A

True

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4
Q

Tensile strength

A

Force at which a new piece of equipment or rope in testing fails in tension under a static load.

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5
Q

Friction-saving

A

reduces the wear on the rope and damage to the tree and can, in some cases, facilitate climbing.

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6
Q

Figure-8 knot

A

Particular knot tied as a safety knot or stopper knot at the end of a line.

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7
Q

Stopper knot

A

Knot, usually a figure 8 knot, tied in the end of a line or in the tail of a knot to prevent the end or tail from passing through the knot.

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8
Q

Hitch

A

A type of knot made when a rope is secured around an object or its own standing part. Contrast with bend.

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9
Q

Bend

A

Type of knot used to join 2 rope ends together. Contrast with hitch.

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10
Q

2 methods of using a climbing line to to ascend a tree are ______-______ and ________ _________

A

Body thrust, secured footlock.

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11
Q

When footlocking, putting the hands on or above the Prusik hitch could cause it to slide down the climbing line, creating a fall.

A

True

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12
Q

Because _______ ______ can damage a tree, they are approved for use only on trees to be removed, or for aerial rescues.

A

Climbing spurs

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13
Q

For added stability and safety, a climber should be secured with a ______-_____ _______ in addition to the climbing line when using a chain saw in a tree.

A

Work positioning lanyard

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14
Q

The most important factor in any aerial rescue situation is speed—getting the victim to the ground in the shortest amount of time possible.

A

False

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15
Q

Rigging

A

The use of ropes and other equipment to take down trees or remove limbs.

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16
Q

_______-______ ropes are not recommended for natural-crotch rigging, where the friction of the cover with the trees causes an imbalance in the load taken by the core and cover braids.

A

Double-braid

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17
Q

Design factor

A

Factor by which the rated or minimum breaking strength or tensile strength is divided by in determining its working-load limit.

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18
Q

Caribiners must always be loaded along their ______ _____ and never across the gate.

A

Major axis

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19
Q

Arborist block

A

Heavy duty pulleys with a large rotating sheave for the lowering line, and a smaller, fixed sheave to accept a rope sling.

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20
Q

Rescue pulleys

A

Light duty pulley used in light rigging operations.

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21
Q

Natural crotches can be fast and effective for use as a rigging point, but the consistent friction and versatility of placement of an arborist block is often a great advantage.

A

True

22
Q

When the piece must be removed without dropping either the butt or tip, it can be tied so it is _________, then lowered to the ground.

A

Balanced

23
Q

Butt hitching

A

Method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block.

24
Q

Drop cut

A

Branch removal technique consisting of an undercut and then a top cut, usually made farther out on the branch or with a chainsaw, directly over the undercut.

25
Q

The ______ _____ is a variation of standard tree-felling techniques that employs the use of a notch and back cut to form a hinge and “steer” the limb.

A

Topping cut

26
Q

Bollard

A

Posts that strap to a tree for taking wraps

27
Q

Scabbard

A

Sheath for a handsaw

28
Q

Bight

A

Curve or arc in a rope

29
Q

Prusik loop

A

Used for secure footlocking. Used for climbing and rigging

30
Q

Blake’s hitch

A

Climbing hitch

31
Q

Rope sling

A

May be used to attach a block

32
Q

Access line

A

Second climbing line for emergency rescue

33
Q

Bend ratio

A

Ratio of the diameter of a branch, sheave or other device.

34
Q

Snap cut

A

Cut that is handy for controlling relatively small sections of wood that may not require topping.

35
Q

What must an arborist consider for tree failure

A

Condition of root systems, lean, history, species, growth habit, defects, quality of branch attachments

36
Q

Visual tree assessment to look for:

A

Dieback, gaps, discoloration in the crown

Lean

Branches extending beyond the crown

Trunk taper

Root collar, trunk, root zone

37
Q

Reaction wood

A

Support tree in leaning position. Trees develop lean as they grow into open light areas and away from larger trees or structures

38
Q

Signs tree is failing:

A

Uplifted or broken roots, mounded soil or soil cracks near the base of the tree

39
Q

Taper

A

Diameter that gradually decreases from the base to the tip.

40
Q

3 basic types of fungal decay:

A

White, brown and soft rot

41
Q

How is a barber chair prevented?

A

Bore cut

42
Q

A rule of thumb is to use a block or pulley with a diameter that is at least

A

4 times times the rope diameter. 4:1

43
Q

It is important to keep your weight on the rope

A

True

44
Q

What is the minimum distance 2 tree workers with chain saws should be

A

10ft

45
Q

The depth of the notch should be

A

1/3 or less the diameter of tree

46
Q

The length of the hinge should be

A

80% of the tree diameter

47
Q

When felling small to medium trees, allow a thickness of

A

5-10% of the diameter

48
Q

Working end

Standing end

A

In use

Not in use

49
Q

12 strand

A

No core. Tight woven is used for rigging. Loose, hollow braid is used for rigging slings.

50
Q

3-strand

A

Low strength, elongated. Used for natural crotches, for climbing or rigging, block, pulley, false crotch.

51
Q

16 strand

A

Core Not significant for load carrying. Cover strand is.

52
Q

Tag line

A

Used to control the swing of a limb removed or control a tree falling

ISA (17 decks)

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