Chapter 8: Plant systems: Gas exchange and transport systems Flashcards
What is an epidermis?
The surface layer of cells in an organism
What stomata’s function?
Controls the gases in and out of plants
What is stomata?
The opening or pores in an epidermis
When do stomata open?
When the guard cells absorb water and become rigid
When do they close?
When the guard cells loose water
When do stomata open in natural conditions?
They open in daybreak and close at night
What factors effect the normality of the stomata?
Water loss, high levels of humidity and decrease in photosynthesis
What are xylem?
They are responsible for the transport of water and nutrients. Dead xylem cells make up the woody part of the stems
What is Phloem?
They are a type of vascular issue which transport sugars and other plant products.
What are the two type of phloem cells?
Sieve tube and companion cells
What is taproot?
A root deep underground
What is fibrous root?
A thing root in the upper layers of soil
How is water pulled up through plants?
Adhesion, cohesion and transpiration pull.
What is ahesion?
The attraction of water molecules which makes up the sides of the tube
What is cohesion?
Is attraction between water molecules
What increased transpiration rates?
High air temperatures, low humidity and long exposure to sunlight
What decreases transpiration rates?
Low air temperatures, low humidity and minimal exposure to sunlight
How are nutrients obtained and distributed?
Actively transported into root hair, through plasmodesmata, through phloem into xylem and into transpiration stream
What mineral ions produce?
Chlorophyll, proteins, carbohydrates and other materials
What is sucrose?
Glucose and fructose
Can glucose be transported by itself?
No, cytoplasm will digest it
How does sucrose move?
Active transport, against the concentration gradient
What is the movement of sucrose?
Photosynthesis, into sieve tubes, influx of pressure in phloem moves it to the leaves.
