Chapter 14: Infectious disease

Question 1

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 1

A disease caused by a pathogen transmitted between organisms. Susceptibility and resistance is different for everyone

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A disease causing agent

Question 3

What is a non-infectious disease

Answer 3

A disease that is not transmitted from one organism to another

Question 4

What is the function of the immune system?

Answer 4

To differentiate between its own cells and other organisms

Question 5

What are some non-infectious diseases?

Answer 5

genetic, autoimmune, obesity etc

Question 6

How to tell if you have a disease?

Answer 6

Symptoms will appear, but not straight away as there is an incubation period

Question 7

What is a virus?

Answer 7

A non-cellular agent composed of a protein coat and nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (not both)

Question 8

How do viruses spread in the body?

Answer 8

They inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, instruct it to replicate, reproduces the virus, undergoes lysis and is released to repeat the process

Question 9

What is a bacteriophages?

Answer 9

A virus that targets bacteria

Question 10

What is a prion?

Answer 10

Small infectious proteins that do not have any genetic material

Question 11

What are the two forms of prion?

Answer 11

Natural prion protein cellular and disease-causing protein form

Question 12

What is an example of prion caused disease?

Answer 12

Mad cow disease

Question 13

What is a capsule for bacteria?

Answer 13

Outside cell wall on some bacteria

Question 14

What is a flagellum on bacteria?

Answer 14

Helps them move

Question 15

What is an endospore on bacteria?

Answer 15

A hard shell formed to resist unfavourable conditions.

Question 16

What is binary fission?

Answer 16

The division of a cell, prokaryotic, into two daughter cells

Question 17

What is fungi?

Answer 17

Eukaryotes which reproduce by spores and have cell walls made up of chitin

Question 18

Are fungi pathogenic?

Answer 18

yes some can cause diseases, mostly external

Question 19

What is a protists?

Answer 19

A unicellular, eukaryote that affect hundreds of millions each year

Question 20

What type of disease is malaria?

Answer 20

Protists

Question 21

What is a parasite?

Answer 21

An organism which lives in or on its host and gains nutrition while causing harm

Question 22

What is a endoparasite?

Answer 22

Multicellular internal parasites, eg tape worm

Question 23

What is a ectoparasite?

Answer 23

A parasite which lives on the surface of its host, eg fleas

Question 24

What is virulence?

Answer 24

A measure of a pathogens ability to cause a disease

Question 25

What is virulence factors?

Answer 25

Factors which promote disease causing abilities

Question 26

What are the virulence factors?

Answer 26

Adherence factors, invasion factors, capsules, toxins and life style changes

Question 27

What is adherence factors?

Answer 27

features which allow for better adhesion, eg pili on bacteria

Question 28

What is invasion factors?

Answer 28

A characteristic which helps pathogen invade host, eg, enzymes released to destroy extracellular matrix

Question 29

What is capsules?

Answer 29

A hard cover, which allows bacteria to live in rough conditions

Question 30

What are the two toxins release by bacteria?

Answer 30

Endotoxins and exotoxins

Question 31

What is endotoxins?

Answer 31

A toxin released when bacteria splits causing toxic events

Question 32

What is exotoxins?

Answer 32

They are more toxic then endotoxins, and target particular cells.

Question 33

What are the modes of transport for diseases?

Answer 33

Direct contact, body fluid, foodborne, waterborne and vector

Question 34

What is transmission by direct contact?

Answer 34

Contagious are transmitted by direct contact which is enhanced by asymptotic.

Question 35

What is transmission via body fluids?

Answer 35

Transmission via fluids which come from the body

Question 36

What is foodborne transmission?

Answer 36

Transmission via contaminated food which comes through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 37

What is waterborne transmission?

Answer 37

Transmission via the intake of bad water

Question 38

What is transmission via vectors?

Answer 38

Transmission via an organism which is infected with the virus. eg. mosquitoes