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Year 11 Bio > Chapter 14: Infectious disease > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Infectious disease Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

A disease caused by a pathogen transmitted between organisms. Susceptibility and resistance is different for everyone

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2
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing agent

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3
Q

What is a non-infectious disease

A

A disease that is not transmitted from one organism to another

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4
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

To differentiate between its own cells and other organisms

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5
Q

What are some non-infectious diseases?

A

genetic, autoimmune, obesity etc

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6
Q

How to tell if you have a disease?

A

Symptoms will appear, but not straight away as there is an incubation period

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7
Q

What is a virus?

A

A non-cellular agent composed of a protein coat and nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (not both)

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8
Q

How do viruses spread in the body?

A

They inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, instruct it to replicate, reproduces the virus, undergoes lysis and is released to repeat the process

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9
Q

What is a bacteriophages?

A

A virus that targets bacteria

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10
Q

What is a prion?

A

Small infectious proteins that do not have any genetic material

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11
Q

What are the two forms of prion?

A

Natural prion protein cellular and disease-causing protein form

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12
Q

What is an example of prion caused disease?

A

Mad cow disease

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13
Q

What is a capsule for bacteria?

A

Outside cell wall on some bacteria

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14
Q

What is a flagellum on bacteria?

A

Helps them move

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15
Q

What is an endospore on bacteria?

A

A hard shell formed to resist unfavourable conditions.

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16
Q

What is binary fission?

A

The division of a cell, prokaryotic, into two daughter cells

17
Q

What is fungi?

A

Eukaryotes which reproduce by spores and have cell walls made up of chitin

18
Q

Are fungi pathogenic?

A

yes some can cause diseases, mostly external

19
Q

What is a protists?

A

A unicellular, eukaryote that affect hundreds of millions each year

20
Q

What type of disease is malaria?

A

Protists

21
Q

What is a parasite?

A

An organism which lives in or on its host and gains nutrition while causing harm

22
Q

What is a endoparasite?

A

Multicellular internal parasites, eg tape worm

23
Q

What is a ectoparasite?

A

A parasite which lives on the surface of its host, eg fleas

24
Q

What is virulence?

A

A measure of a pathogens ability to cause a disease

25
Q

What is virulence factors?

A

Factors which promote disease causing abilities

26
Q

What are the virulence factors?

A

Adherence factors, invasion factors, capsules, toxins and life style changes

27
Q

What is adherence factors?

A

features which allow for better adhesion, eg pili on bacteria

28
Q

What is invasion factors?

A

A characteristic which helps pathogen invade host, eg, enzymes released to destroy extracellular matrix

29
Q

What is capsules?

A

A hard cover, which allows bacteria to live in rough conditions

30
Q

What are the two toxins release by bacteria?

A

Endotoxins and exotoxins

31
Q

What is endotoxins?

A

A toxin released when bacteria splits causing toxic events

32
Q

What is exotoxins?

A

They are more toxic then endotoxins, and target particular cells.

33
Q

What are the modes of transport for diseases?

A

Direct contact, body fluid, foodborne, waterborne and vector

34
Q

What is transmission by direct contact?

A

Contagious are transmitted by direct contact which is enhanced by asymptotic.

35
Q

What is transmission via body fluids?

A

Transmission via fluids which come from the body

36
Q

What is foodborne transmission?

A

Transmission via contaminated food which comes through the gastrointestinal tract

37
Q

What is waterborne transmission?

A

Transmission via the intake of bad water

38
Q

What is transmission via vectors?

A

Transmission via an organism which is infected with the virus. eg. mosquitoes

Year 11 Bio (16 decks)

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