Chapter 2: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
How do cells get their energy?
Glucose
What is cellular respiration?
The breaking down of glucose bonds for energy and oxygen
What is an autotroph?
An organism which makes it own food from the Sun (Photosynthesis)
What is a heterotroph?
An organism which consumes other organisms for food
What is a macromolecule?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
What are Amino Acids used for?
Amino acids are the structural subunits which cells use to build proteins.
What are fatty acids and glycerol used for?
Amino acids are the structural subunits which produce two groups of lipids (triglycerides and phospholipids)
What are Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
Why is water important?
It is vital for the cell to have as chemical reactions occur in it.
Metabolic Heat
Cell respiration creates heat which is important for the body to function
What are the two prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and archaea
Which is bigger: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic is bigger, as it is more complex
Do Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No
What are Eukaryotic cells?
They have specialised organelles
What is the function of chloroplast?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast
What is the function of mitochondria?
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria
What is the function of the ribosomes?
The create proteins
Where are ribosomes located?
In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in prokaryotic cells they are scattered in the cytoplasm
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
It synthesis carbohydrates, lipids and steroids.
How is waste removed from cells?
Lysosomes
What is the evolutionary theory called?
The endosymbiotic theory
