Chapter 7: Exchange of nutrients and waste Flashcards
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical break down of the food, with no chemical change
What is chemical digestion?
The chemical break down of food catalysed of digestive enzymes.
What is the small intestine’s function?
To allow for nutrients to diffuse and active transport through the wall into the blood stream (Villi).
What is the 4 organic compounds food is made from?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid
What is nitrogenous waste?
Ammonia
Is Ammonia toxic to cells?
Yes
What is a nephron?
A specialised structure located in the kidney which excretes toxic material from the blood stream.
What is the purpose of the kidneys?
To filter the blood and remove unwanted materials
What is the process for filtering blood?
From blood stream into glomerulus, into Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle inti nephron. The waste is excreted
What is counter-current multiplication?
It occurs in the loop of Henle to remove waste without large expenditure of energy.
Where is water reabsorbed?
In the descending climb
Where is mineral reabsorbed?
In the ascending climb
What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?
To allows waste to be removed without much loss of water
