Chapter 8: Nature of the Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
The main task is to PROVIDE ACCURATE and RELIABLE INFORMATION to medical doctors for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management of diseases.
Clinical Laboratory
It is concerned with the DIAGNOSIS and TREATMENT of diseases performed through LABORATORY TESTING OF BLOOD and OTHER BODY FLUIDS.
Clinical Pathology
It is concerned with the DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE through microscopic examination of TISSUE AND ORGANS.
Anatomical Pathology
It is a clinical laboratory that OPERATES WITHIN the premises or PART AN INSTITUTION such as hospital, school, medical clinic, and so on.
Institution-based
It is NOT PART of an established institution.
Free-standing
The Clinical Laboratories are OWNED wholly or PARTIALLY by national or local government units.
Government-owned
The Clinical Laboratories are OWNED, ESTABLISHED, and OPERATED by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization.
Privately-owned
Licensed to PERFORM BASIC, routine laboratory testing.
Equipment required but not limited to, microscope, centrifuge, and hematocrit centrifuge. Also, blood typing, gram staining and at least 10 sqm.
Primary Category
Licensed to perform the TESTS BEING DONE by the primary category clinical laboratories along with routine clinical chemistry.
if hospital-based, gram stain, KOH mount, and cross-matching, and at least 20 sqm.
Secondary Category
Licensed to perform ALL THE LABORATORY test performed in the secondary category laboratory.
Equipment required includes those in the secondary category laboratory along with an automated chemistry analyzer, biosafety cabinet class II, serofuge, and at least 60 sqm.
Tertiary Category
Laboratory in a GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL DESIGNATED BY THE DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases.
National Reference Laboratory
An ACT REGULATING and REGULATION and maintenance of clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the DOH.
Republic Act No. 4688
RULES AND REGULATION governing the ESTABLISHMENT, OPERATION, and MAINTENANCE of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines.
Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001
This section is intended for the TESTING OF BLOOD and OTHER BODY FLUIDS to quantify essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for diagnosis of certain diseases.
Clinical Chemistry
This section is subdivided into four sections: BACTERIOLOGY, MYCOBACTERIOLOGY, MYCOLOGY, and VIROLOGY.
Microbiology
This section deals with the enumeration of CELLS IN THE BLOOD and OTHER BODY FLUIDS.
Hematology and Coagulation Studies
There are TWO MAJOR AREAS in this section of the laboratory. The first area is allotted to routine and other SPECIAL EXAMINATION OF URINES such as macroscopic examinations to determine color, transparency, specific gravity l, and pH level, and microscopic examinations
Clinical Microscopy
BLOOD TYPNG and COMPATABILITY testing are the two main activities performed in this section.
Blood Bank / Immunohematology
Analyses of SERUM ANTIBODIES in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section.
Immunology and Serology
Specialized sections of the Laboratory that COMBINE ANATOMICAL, CLINICAL, and BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES where antibodies are bounded to enzymes and fluorescent dyes are used to detect the presence of antigens in tissue.
Immunohistochemistry
Specialized sections of the Laboratory that primarily USING DIFFERENT ENZYMES and OTHER REAGENTS, DNA and RNA are identified and sequenced to detect any pathologic conditions/disease processes.
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Laboratory testing;
Receipt of the laboratory request
Patient preparation
Specimen collection
Proper transport and processing of specimen in the clinical laboratory
Pre-analytic phase
Laboratory testing;
It deals with the actual testing of the
submitted/collected specimen.
Analytic phase
