Chapter 3: Ethics

Question 1

MORAL CODE that guides how an individual should behave. It deals with a DIVERSE PRESCRIPTION of universal concepts and principles that serve as the foundation of moral beliefs.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

o Logical—problems of reasoning
o Epistemological—problems of the truth
o Cosmological—problems of the universe
o Ethical—problems of morality
o Aesthetical—problems of art and beauty
o Scientific problems—the problem of science

Answer 2

Timbreza, 1993

Question 3

He states that MORALITY CAN be VIEWED from DIFFERENT perspectives as a law, as an INNER CONVICTION, as LOVE, as PERSONAL GROWTH, and as SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION.

Answer 3

Donal Harrington

Question 4

He states the nuances BETWEEN ETHICS and MORALITY.

Answer 4

James Gustafson, 1974

Question 5

Also known as MORAL RELATIVISM, anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a PARTICULAR CULTURE.

Example:
Some cultures may accept certain ACTS and BEHAVIORS that are UNACCEPTABLE to the other CULTURES.

Answer 5

Ethical Relativism

Question 6

It is more of a theory on KNOWLEDGE, TRUTH, AND MEANING rather than MORALITY. It can be applied in the medical context, especially in terms of DECISION MAKING and MORAL REASONING.

Answer 6

Ethical Pragmatism

Question 7

They developed Ethical Pragmatism.

Answer 7

Charles Sander Pierce and William James

Question 8

States that the RIGHTNESS OR WRONGNESS of actions is determined by their CONSEQUENCES.

Answer 8

Ethical Utilitarianism

Question 9

Founded by two ENGLISH PHILOSOPHERS the Ethical Utilitarianism

Answer 9

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Question 10

Abortion can be

Answer 10

1. Direct
2. Induced
3. Accidents

Question 11

The state recognizes the SANCITITY OF LIFE and SHALL PROTECT and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.

Answer 11

Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Question 12

It is a practice of ENDING THE LIFE INTENTIONALLY, usually in situations when the individual is terminally ill, to retrieve his or her pain and suffering.

Answer 12

Euthanasia

Question 13

He described euthanasia as the process of inducing the PAINLESS DEATH of a person who is severely debilitated for reasons assumed to be merciful, either through voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary means.

Answer 13

Herbert Hendin, 2004

Question 14

When an individual GIVES CONSENT to subject himself or herself to a painless death

Answer 14

Voluntary Euthanasia

Question 15

CONDUCTED when the permission of the patient to perform the process is UNAVAILABLE, like in the case of the patient in a deep comatose, or neonates born with significant and major birth defects.

Answer 15

Non-voluntary Euthanasia

Question 16

When the individual DOES NOT give his or her CONSENT

Answer 16

Involuntary Euthanasia

Question 17

It involves GENETIC MANIPULATIONS that are perceived to be against moral standards set by the society.

Answer 17

Genetic Engineering

Question 18

A procedure whose main purpose is to SCREEN, CHOOSE, and SELECT THE GENES for proper detection of any genetic disease and other chromosomal malformations

Answer 18

Genetic Screening

Question 19

Techniques such as GENETIC CONTROL, THERAPY, AND SURGERY

Answer 19

Genetic Intervention

Question 20

A form of genetic engineering that makes use of STEM CELLS to TREAT or PREVENT DISEASE.

Answer 20

Stem-cell Therapy

Question 21

Popularly known as LABORATORY FERTILIZATION

Answer 21

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)