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PMTP 1 > Chapter 11: Laboratory Sections > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Laboratory Sections Flashcards

1
Q

Is it any ORGANISMS that lives in or on the body of another organism in order to survive.

A

Parasite

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2
Q

Any organism that HARBORS a parasite.

A

Host

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3
Q

It refers to the MANNER of how a parasite SUCCESSFULLY enters a susceptible host. It includes INGESTION, BREASTFEEDING, INSECT BITE OR SEXUAL TRANSMISSION.

A

Mode of Transmission

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4
Q

These are DISEASE-CAUSING parasites.

A

Pathogenic Parasites

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5
Q

These are also known as commensal parasites that DO NOT HARM THE HOST.

A

Non-Pathogenic Parasites

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6
Q

It thrives EXTERNALLY ON HOST.

Examples: Lice and Fleas.

A

Ectoparasites

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7
Q

The parasite found inside the body of an INFECTED HOST.

It is more problematic and requires special specimen preparation.

A

Endoparasites

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8
Q

It refers to the increase in EOSINOPHILS COUNTS IN BLOOD associated usually with PARASITISM.

They eventually degrade and are passed in the stool in the form of CHARCOT-LEYDEN CRYSTALS.

A

Eosinophilia

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9
Q

It refers to close association between TWO ORGANISMS that is permanent wherein one cannot exist INDEPENDENTLY.

A

Symbiosis

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10
Q

It refers to MUTUALLY beneficial interactions between members of the SAME OR DIFFERENT SPECIES.

A

Mutualism

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11
Q

It is only the parasite benefit from the association while the HOST IS UNAFFECTED.

A

Commensalism

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12
Q

It is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism
benefits and the OTHER IS HARMED.

A

Parasitism

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13
Q

What are the four HOST CLASSIFICATION?

A
  1. Definitive Host
  2. Intermediate Host
  3. Reservoir Host
  4. Paratenic Host
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14
Q

It harbors the ADULT AND SEXUAL STAGE.

A

Definitive Host

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15
Q

It harbors part or all the LARVAL STAGES of the parasites.

A

Intermediate Host

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16
Q

The other animals harbor the SAME SPECIES AS THAT OF MAN.

A

Reservoir Host

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17
Q

It is harbors that the parasite in an ARRESTED STATE OF DEVELOPMENT.

A

Paratenic Host

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18
Q

What are the SOURCE OF INFECTION?

A
  1. Air
  2. Animal (zoonotic)
  3. One’s self (autoinfection)
  4. Inanimate objects
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19
Q

What are the PORTALS OF ENTRY?

A
  1. Mouth - Ingestion , Intimate oral contact
  2. o Skin - Active larval penetration, Introduction of the vector.
  3. Intranasal
  4. Transmammary
  5. Transplacental Sexual
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20
Q

What are the PORTALS OF EXIT?

A
  1. Stool
  2. Urine
  3. Sputum
  4. Blood
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21
Q

It based on relationship BETWEEN HOST-PARASITE.

A
  1. Obligatory
  2. Facultative
  3. Intermittent
  4. Spurious
  5. Accidental/ incidental
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22
Q

What is the ACCEPTABLE amount of STOOL SPECIMEN?

A

2 to 5 g

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23
Q

How many MINUTES does LIQUID TOOL required?

A

30 minutes

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24
Q

How many HOURS does SEMISOLID STOOL required?

A

1 hour

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25
Q

How many HOURS does FORMED STOOL required?

A

24 hours

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26
Q

What is the COMMON PROCEDURE in SPECIMEN PROCESSING?

A

Stool Specimen for Ova & Parasite (O&P)

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27
Q

How many WEEKS does patients taken ANTIBIOTIC or ANTI-MATERIAL MEDICATIONS?

A

2 weeks after the therapy

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28
Q

How many DAYS does patients taken medications?

A

5-7 days after completion of therapy

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29
Q

What are the ROUTINE of PARASITOLOGY?

A
  1. Macroscopic
  2. Microscopic
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30
Q

What are MACROSCOPIC gross examination?

A
  1. Determine the color and consistency
  2. Examine the Gross Abnormalities
  3. Fresh and unpreserved stool.
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31
Q

What are MICROSCOPIC gross examination?

A
  1. Direct wet mount
  2. Mix a small portion of unfixed stool with saline or iodine
  3. Detection of trophozoite
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32
Q

A.K.A NEMATODES

A

Roundworms

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33
Q

What are the three basic forms of morphologic?

A

.Eggs
· Larvae
· Adult

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34
Q

A.K.A ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

A

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

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35
Q

A.K.A ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

A

Pinworm

36
Q

A.K.A TRICHURIS TRICHIURA

A

Whipworm

37
Q

Types of HOOKWORM

A

· Necator americanus
· Ancylostoma duodenale
· Ancylostoma braziliense
· Ancylostoma caninum

38
Q

Type of Hookworm the shape of an adult is S shape.

A

Necator americanus | New World Hookworm

39
Q

Type of Hookworm the shape of an adult is the LETTER C.

A

Ancylostoma duodenale | Old World Hookworm

40
Q

Type of Hookworm wherein adults have a PAIR OF TEETH and a pair of inconspicuous MEDIAN TEETH

A

Ancylostoma braziliense | Cat Hookworm

41
Q

Type of Hookworm wherein adult worm has 3 PAIRS OF VENTRAL TEETH.

A

Ancylostoma caninum | Dog Hookworm

42
Q

A.K.A STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS

A

Threadworm

43
Q

Branch of medicine that studies the effect of disease on the STRUCTURE OF BODY ORGANS grossly & microscopically.

A

Anatomic Pathology

44
Q

What are the 2 MAIN DIVISIONS of Anatomic Pathology?

A
  1. Histopathology
  2. Cytology
45
Q

Who is the FATHER OF HISTOPATHOLOGY?

A

Johannes Muller

46
Q

Who is the FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY?

A

Marcello Malpighi

47
Q

Involves examination of intact TISSUE from BIOPSY OR SURGERY under the microscope.
Aided using special techniques and other associated tests.

A

Histopathology

48
Q

Specimens from the post-mortem examination are Labeled as “A” for Autopsy.

A

Autopsy

49
Q

Specimens from the operating room
Labeled as “S” for Surgical

A

Biopsy

50
Q

Preserving the specimen using FIXATIVES.

A

Fixation

51
Q

REMOVING WATER from the specimen using Alcohol.

A

Dehydration

52
Q

“De-alcoholization”. Removal of excess alcohol in the sample.

A

Clearing

53
Q

FILLING UP TISSUE spaces using paraffin wax

A

Infiltration

54
Q

PLACING INFILTARED TISSUE in a mold with paraffin wax and allows solidifying.

A

Embedding & Molding

55
Q

REMOVING OF EXCESS paraffin wax from the block.

A

Trimming

56
Q

Also known as MICROTOMY; A tissue block is cut off into thin sections known as
“RIBBONS” using a MICROTOME.

A

Sectioning

57
Q

The process uses HEMATOXYLIN and EOSIN dyes to differentiate cells and cellular components.

A

Staining

58
Q

Process of PUTTING COVER SLIP on the stained slide using a mounting medium.

A

Mounting

59
Q

SPECIMEN IDENTIFICATION/number indicated in the glass slide

A

Labelling

60
Q

DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES are used to investigate superficial masses or lumps.

A

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)

61
Q

The examination of SINGLE CELLS OR SMALL GROUP OF CELLS from scrapings or aspiration of fluid under the microscope.

A

Cytology

62
Q

Types of CYTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES wherein PARAFFIN-EMBREDDED specimens are prepared from dried mucus, sputum, and debris found in pleural fluids, pericardial fluid, and other sites.

A

Cell block

63
Q

Types of CYTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES specifically designed to concentrate cells on a slide in a uniform monolayer using a HIGH-SPEED CENTRIFUGE

A

Cytospin

64
Q

USED TO SCREEN CERVICAL CANCER and pre-cancerous changes in the cervix. Also used to detect STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases).

A

PAPANICOLAU’S SMEAR | Paps smear

65
Q

Identification of TISSUE CONSTITUENTS such as proteins, and lipopolysaccharides using principles of antibodies binding specific antigens. Used to diagnose abnormal cells such as cancer.

A

Immunochemistry

66
Q

Deals with the STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, AND FUNCTIONS OF BIOMOLECULES that are essential to life.

A

Molecular Biology

67
Q

“A TECHNOLOGY BASE ON BIOLOGY.” Use of biological systems found in organisms to make technological advancements to help
improve lives and health. Vaccines and antibiotics

A

Biotechnology

67
Q

A branch of immunology, which deals with the uses of IMMUNOLOGIC PRINCIPLES to study and identify the different blood groups

A

Immunohematology

68
Q

A separate area in the clinical laboratory hospital WHERE BLOOD IS COLLECTED FROM DONORS Staff also performs the ABO and RH typing, and separates the components to be stored for future use or transfusion.

A

Blood Bank

69
Q

A method is done to determine what ANTIBODIES ARE PRESENT in the serum or plasma of an individual by using known red blood cells

A

Serum typing | indirect, reverse, backward typing

70
Q

A method is done to determine what ANTIGENS ARE PRESENT on the surface of red blood cells by using commercially prepared antisera of known specificity

A

Cell typing | direct or forward typing

71
Q

It considered the second most important blood group after the ABO blood group system Name after the RHESUS MACAQUE MONKEY

A

RH Blood Group System

72
Q

Who IDENTIFIED the RH BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM?

A

Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Weiner in 1940

73
Q

The patient’s SERUM IS MIXED with the donor’s red blood cells to find out if a reaction will happen

A

Major Crossmatch

74
Q

The patient RED BLOOD CELLS ARE MIXED with the donor serum

A

Minor Crossmatch

75
Q

Study of all the aspects of the immune system, including its STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. Branch of biomedical science that deals with the response of an organism to ANTIGENIC CHALLENGE and it recognition of what are self and non-self

A

Immunology

76
Q

A division of immunology that specializes in the laboratory DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT of antigens and antibodies

A

Serology

77
Q

Types of Immunity wherein resistance developed in RESPONSE TO AN STIMULUS BY AN ANTIGEN. (infecting agent or vaccine) and is characterized by the production of antibodies by the host.

A

Active Immunity

78
Q

Types of Immunity Immunity wherein conferred by an ANTIBODY PRODUCED IN ANOTHER HOST. It may be acquired naturally or artificially (through an antibody-containing preparation).

A

Passive Immunity

79
Q

What are the 5 major classes of IMMUNOGLOBULINS?

A

IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD.

79
Q

Is a METHODS OF GIVING ANTIGENS to stimulate the immune response through active immunization.

A

Vaccination

80
Q

The CLUMPING TOGETHER of antigen-bearing cells, microorganisms, or particles in the presence of specific antibodies.

A

Agglutination

81
Q

The MIDWAY REACTION between AGGLUTINATION and PRECIPITATION.

A

Fluccolation

81
Q

Refers to AGGRESSION OF SOLUBLE TEST antigens with soluble antibodies to produce visible insoluble complexes.

A

Precipitation

82
Q

Based on competition between particulate and SOLUBLE ANTIGENS for limited antibody
combining sites.

A

Agglutination Inhibition

83
Q

Antigen found naturally on PARTICLES.

A

Direct Agglutination

84
Q

Bind known ANTIGENS to inert particles to detect antibodies.

A

Passive Agglutinaton

PMTP 1 (12 decks)

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