Chapter 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications Flashcards
________ is the way the elements in a job are organized
Job design
___________ (JCM)proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core job dimensions
Job characteristic model
_________: The degree to which a job requires different activities using specialized skills and talents.
Skill variety
_________: The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Task identity
________: The degree to which a job affects the lives or work of other people.
Task significance
_________: The degree to which a job provides the employee freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining the procedure to carry it out
Autonomy
_________: The degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance.
Feedback
The core dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM) can be combined into a single predictive index called the _________ (MPS)
motivating potential score
_______:
Referred to as cross-training.
Periodic shifting from one task to another.
Job Rotation
________:
Strengths: reduces boredom, increases motivation, and helps employees better understand their work contributions
Job Rotation
________:
Weaknesses: creates disruptions, requires extra time for supervisors addressing questions and training time, and reduced efficiencies (not all the time)
Job Rotation
________:
Increasing a job’s high-level responsibilities to increase intrinsic motivation.
Involves adding another layer of responsibility and meaning.
Can be effective at reducing turnover.
Job Enrichment
_________:
To make jobs more prosocially motivating
Connect employees with the beneficiaries of their work.
Meet beneficiaries firsthand.
Relational Job Design
_______:
Flexible work hours in a job
Flextime
_______:
Two or more people split a 40-hour-a-week job.
Job Sharing
_________:
Employees who do their work at home at least two days a week through virtual devices linked to the employer’s office.
Telecommuting
________: A participative process that uses employees’ input to increase their commitment to the organization’s success.
Employee Involvement
_________:
Joint decision making.
Acts as a panacea for poor morale and low productivity.
Trust and confidence in leaders is essential.
Studies of the participation-performance have yielded mixed results.
Participative management
_________:
Workers are represented by a small group of employees who actually participate in decision making.
Almost every country in Western Europe requires representative participation.
The two most common forms:
Works councils
Board representatives
Representative participation
_______ is the worth of the job to the organization.
Internal equity
_______ is the competitiveness of an organization’s pay relative to pay in its industry.
External equity
________ is a pay plan that bases a portion or all of an employee’s pay on some individual an/or organizational measure of performance.
Variable pay program
A pure_________ provides no base salary and pays the employee only for what he or she produces. Also known as pay-for-performance.
piece-rate plan
______: Allows employers to differentiate pay based on performance.
Merit-based Pay
An annual ______ is a significant component of total compensation for many jobs.
bonus
________: Organization-wide programs that distribute compensation based on some established formula centered around a company’s profitability.
Profit-Sharing Plans
__________: A company-established benefit plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their benefits.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Do variable-pay programs increase motivation and productivity?
Generally, yes, but that doesn’t mean everyone is equally motivated by them.
________ is a plan that allows employees to put together a benefit package that meets his or her needs and situations.
Flexible benefits
Organizations are increasingly recognizing that important work rewards can be both ________.
intrinsic and extrinsic
Rewards are ______ in the form of employee recognition programs and _______ in the form of compensation systems.
intrinsic
extrinsic
Research suggests that financial incentives may be more motivating in the _____ term, while non-financial incentives work best in the ______.
short
long-run
