Chapter 8 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Question 1

________ is the way the elements in a job are organized

Answer 1

Job design

Question 2

___________ (JCM)proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core job dimensions

Answer 2

Job characteristic model

Question 3

_________: The degree to which a job requires different activities using specialized skills and talents.

Answer 3

Skill variety

Question 4

_________: The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Answer 4

Task identity

Question 5

________: The degree to which a job affects the lives or work of other people.

Answer 5

Task significance

Question 6

_________: The degree to which a job provides the employee freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining the procedure to carry it out

Answer 6

Autonomy

Question 7

_________: The degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance.

Answer 7

Feedback

Question 8

The core dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM) can be combined into a single predictive index called the _________ (MPS)

Answer 8

motivating potential score

Question 9

_______:
Referred to as cross-training.
Periodic shifting from one task to another.

Answer 9

Job Rotation

Question 10

________:
Strengths: reduces boredom, increases motivation, and helps employees better understand their work contributions

Answer 10

Job Rotation

Question 11

________:
Weaknesses: creates disruptions, requires extra time for supervisors addressing questions and training time, and reduced efficiencies (not all the time)

Answer 11

Job Rotation

Question 12

________:
Increasing a job’s high-level responsibilities to increase intrinsic motivation.
Involves adding another layer of responsibility and meaning.
Can be effective at reducing turnover.

Answer 12

Job Enrichment

Question 13

_________:
To make jobs more prosocially motivating
Connect employees with the beneficiaries of their work.
Meet beneficiaries firsthand.

Answer 13

Relational Job Design

Question 14

_______:

Flexible work hours in a job

Answer 14

Flextime

Question 15

_______:

Two or more people split a 40-hour-a-week job.

Answer 15

Job Sharing

Question 16

_________:

Employees who do their work at home at least two days a week through virtual devices linked to the employer’s office.

Answer 16

Telecommuting

Question 17

________: A participative process that uses employees’ input to increase their commitment to the organization’s success.

Answer 17

Employee Involvement

Question 18

_________:
Joint decision making.
Acts as a panacea for poor morale and low productivity.
Trust and confidence in leaders is essential.
Studies of the participation-performance have yielded mixed results.

Answer 18

Participative management

Question 19

_________:
Workers are represented by a small group of employees who actually participate in decision making.
Almost every country in Western Europe requires representative participation.
The two most common forms:
Works councils
Board representatives

Answer 19

Representative participation

Question 20

_______ is the worth of the job to the organization.

Answer 20

Internal equity

Question 21

_______ is the competitiveness of an organization’s pay relative to pay in its industry.

Answer 21

External equity

Question 22

________ is a pay plan that bases a portion or all of an employee’s pay on some individual an/or organizational measure of performance.

Answer 22

Variable pay program

Question 23

A pure_________ provides no base salary and pays the employee only for what he or she produces. Also known as pay-for-performance.

Answer 23

piece-rate plan

Question 24

______: Allows employers to differentiate pay based on performance.

Answer 24

Merit-based Pay

Question 25

An annual ______ is a significant component of total compensation for many jobs.

Answer 25

bonus

Question 26

________: Organization-wide programs that distribute compensation based on some established formula centered around a company’s profitability.

Answer 26

Profit-Sharing Plans

Question 27

__________: A company-established benefit plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their benefits.

Answer 27

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Question 28

Do variable-pay programs increase motivation and productivity?

Answer 28

Generally, yes, but that doesn’t mean everyone is equally motivated by them.

Question 29

________ is a plan that allows employees to put together a benefit package that meets his or her needs and situations.

Answer 29

Flexible benefits

Question 30

Organizations are increasingly recognizing that important work rewards can be both ________.

Answer 30

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 31

Rewards are ______ in the form of employee recognition programs and _______ in the form of compensation systems.

Answer 31

intrinsic

extrinsic

Question 32

Research suggests that financial incentives may be more motivating in the _____ term, while non-financial incentives work best in the ______.

Answer 32

short

long-run