Chapter 8 Memory Flashcards
Encoding
getting info into brain
Storage
retaining info
Retrieval
Getting info back out
Type of Encoding
1) Automatic: little to no effort
2) Effortful: conciously bringing info forward (requires rehearsal)
Spacing effect
Retaining something better when it is rehearsed
Serial Position Effect
If you are asked righ tno you remember beginning and end (if asked later only recall beginning)
Sensory Memory
Immediate, initial recording of info
2 types of Sensory Memory
Iconic and Echoic
Iconic
Short lasting photographic
Echoic
Extremely accurate very short sound memory (7+-2)
What happend to sensory memory?
Stored in LTM or forgotten!
LTM
permanent and limitless (average 1 billion bits)
Explicit Memory
Facts General Knowledge
Personal Expereince/Events
Implicit
Skills
Classical (Operant Conditioning)
Hippocampus
Explicit memory (recall words)
Cerebellum
Implicity memory (skills, conditioning, procedural)
Encoding Specificity
Stim. with exp can later trigger a memory
Ex: scuba diving while learning words
State-Dependent Memory
Alcohol while studying then testing while drunk will give better results
Mood Congruent Memory
Recall memory connecte with mood we are in (reason why depression is so hard to get out of)
Encoding Failure
Info doesn’t enter LTM
Storage Decay
Forget rapidly, then levels off with time (like material from a class)
Proactive interference
Disrupts recall of new info
Retroactive Interference
disrupts reall of old info
Planting False Memory
Easy to do with leading questions in kids but also possible in adults
Is memory fixed?
No!
Is memory all in one place in the brain and what organizes it all?
No it is all in places that are taking it in like the senses but hippocampus organizes it all.
Flashbulb Memories
9-11
Amnesia
1) Retrograde: Inability to recall past memories
2) Anterograde: inability to form new memories
