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PSY 301 > Chapter 2 The Biology of Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 The Biology of Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What do biological psychologist study?

A

The connection between biology and behavior

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2
Q

What is a Neuron?

A

The building block of the neural information system. It is composed of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Draw and axon now and label all parts.

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3
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Fibers at the end of neuron that receive information and take it to the cell body.

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4
Q

What is the Axon?

A

The axon is a long fiber that passes messages to the terminal branches to other nuerons

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5
Q

What is the cell body?

A

The cells life support center that processes all of the messages received.

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6
Q

What is the mylein sheath and what is its purpose?

A

A layer of fatty tissue surrounding the neuron. It acts as insulation to allow the signals to travel down axon more quickly.

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7
Q

What are glial cells?

A

The worker bees of the neural system. They provide nutrients and clean up after the neurons.

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8
Q

What is an action potential?

A

An electric charge that travels down the axon

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9
Q

What is a threshold?

A

The amount of stimuli required to cause the neuron to fire. A neuron either fires or doesn’t. There is no half way.

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The meeting point between two neurons

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11
Q

What is the synaptic gap?

A

The tiny space between one neurons dendrites and another neurons terminal axon.

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12
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gaps between neurons and delivers messages via binding to receptors on receiving neurons.

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13
Q

What is reuptake?

A

when the sending neurons take back extra neurotransmitters that aren’t use by the receiving dendrite.

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14
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Neurons that carry messages from body tissue to the brain

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15
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Carry messages from Central Nervous System out to the body

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16
Q

What are inter-neurons?

A

Processor between Sensory and Motor travel (majority)

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17
Q

What is the Central Nervous System?

A

The brain and spinal cord (bodies decision maker)

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18
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Gathers info and sends CNS instructions to other parts of the body

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19
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System and which overlying system is it a part of?

A

It is a part of the PNS. The role of this system is to enable voluntary control of skeletal muscles. Example; Turning the page

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20
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what is it a part of?

A

This is a part of the PNS. The role is to control involuntary actions (ex: breathing/organ stuff)

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21
Q

What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

Under the ANS, this arouses and expands energy. If something is challenging heartbeat increases, hands sweat, blood sugar rises.

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22
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Under the ANS, this converses energy while calming the body when challenge disappears. (basically allows energy to go back to doing non required things ei digestion, bladder control, blood to sex organs)

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23
Q

What is spatial summation?

A

when several neurons are close to one another they are easily stimulated to fire together by one stimulant

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24
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

One stimulant causes one neuron to fire over time

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25
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Area in brain responsible for filtering outside world. 2/3 of neurons reside here.

26
Q

Acetyl Choline

A

Chemical messenger that effects muscle action, learning, muscle memory

27
Q

Seratonin

A

Effects mood, hunger, arousal

28
Q

What can low seratonin uptake lead to?

A

Depression and need for prozac to upregulate seratonin

29
Q

Adrenaline

A

flight or fight response. Cortizol can influence adrenaline

30
Q

Endorphins

A

Bodies own morphine to help ease pain and helps mood

31
Q

Agonist

A

Chemical that excites neurons (can mimic NT or block uptake)

32
Q

Antagonist

A

Chemical that inhibits neurons from firing (can block release/receptor sites

33
Q

What is L-Dopa?

A

A synthetic form of dopamine (for parkinsons)

34
Q

What is Morpine/Heroin?

A

An endorphin mimic

35
Q

What is Botulin?

A

Botox used to block AcH and cause partial paralysis

36
Q

Brainstem

A

Oldest part of the brain. Has survival functions

37
Q

What is the medulla and where is it found?

A

found in brainstem. Controls breathing and heartbeat

38
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Portion of brainstem that controls arousal, pain, sleep (kind of a gatekeeper)

39
Q

Thalamus

A

The sensory switchboard. Relays information with the cortex to different portions of the brain.

40
Q

Cerebellum

A

Looks like a tiny brain. Coordinates voluntary movement and balance

41
Q

Limbic System

A

Made up of the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus

42
Q

Amygdala

A

conrols fear and agression. Found in the limbic system

43
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls fighting, feeding, fleeing, fornicating

44
Q

Hippocampus

A

Forms and retreives memories (part of limbic system)

45
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

2/3 of neurons found here. Control and processsing center

46
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

axon fibers connecting the two cerbral hemispheres

47
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Involves speaking and muscle movements. Also place where we plan and judge

48
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Recieves input for touch and body position

49
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Receives info from visual fields

50
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Includes auditory ability, recieving info from opposite ears

51
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Found in back of Pariatel lobe, controls volunatry movement (sends messages out to body)

52
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

Found at front of parietal lobe, registers and processes body touch/movement sensations

53
Q

What is the Broca area?

A

Area in temporal lobe responsible for speech production

54
Q

What is Wernicke Area?

A

Area in temporal lobe processing the incoming speech

55
Q

What did Franz Gall do?

A

created phrenology. Attempted to map brain based on bumps/ridges on the skull and correlated them to brain function.

56
Q

Computed Technology Scan (CT/CAT)

A

Measures structure of brain by taking multiple xrays

57
Q

MRI

A

Uses magnetic resonance imaging to measure structure

58
Q

EEG (Electroencephalography)

A

Detects brain activity (function)

*gives time and location of activaition

59
Q

PET (Position Emission Tomography)

A

Tracks blood flow in brain to measure function *have to swallow radioactive substance)

60
Q

fMRI

A

Tracks blood/oxygen levels to detect function in brain

61
Q

Left Brain Hemispheres Major Functions

A

Controls speech, mathematic skills

62
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Controls perception, makes speech clearer and organized, controls self awareness

PSY 301 (10 decks)

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