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PSY 301 > Chapter 4 Developing Through the Life Span > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Developing Through the Life Span Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg which attaches to uterin wall (from 0-2 weeks)

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2
Q

Embryo

A

2-8 weeks Organs begin to form and function. Begins looking “human”

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3
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks-birth

Tail goes away, head gets more normal shaped. Organss develop enough to give baby a chance if born prematurly

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4
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents such as toxins, viruses, and harmful drugs that can damage the embryo or fetus

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5
Q

What effect can drinking alcohol during pregnancy have on offspring?

A

Increase chance of alcohol dependency and alcohol use disorder

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6
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

Small misproportionate head and lifelong brain abnormality associated with drinking during pregnancy causing epigenetic effect

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7
Q

The 7 characteristics of a compentant newborn

A

Sucking, Rooting, Startle, Stepping, Grasping, Babinski, Yawning, Crying

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8
Q

What is the Competnant Newborn Thoery

A

The idea that newborns are born with nuearal hardrives and reflexes that allow them to survive such as crying when hungry and rooting for their mothers nipple

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9
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in response with repeated stimulation

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10
Q

Maturation

A

The orderly sequence of biological growth

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11
Q

What sets the orderly sequence of biological growth regardless of culture?

A

Maturation

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12
Q

What portion of the brain is developting most rapidly from ages 3 to 6?

A

The frontal lobe (associated with rational planning)

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13
Q

What are the last cortical areas to develop in adolescence?

A

The association areas linking memory thinking and language

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14
Q

What role does the cerebellum play in biological development?

A

It allows us to walk at age 1 regardless of culture or enviroent

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15
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s Theory

A

Stage Theory-We got through life and develop in stages (from birth children and active mentally and physically)

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16
Q

Constructivist Approach

A

construct knowledge in response to experience

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17
Q

Schemas

A

concept taht organizes and interprets information in mind (makes similar to eachother)

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18
Q

Assimilation

A

Perceptions of outside world incorporated to existing schemas without chaning them

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19
Q

Accomodation

A

Schema change to fit evidence with which it is confronted and adapted

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20
Q

Example of Assimilation

A

Daughter sees bear and say dog

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21
Q

Example of Accomodation

A

Daughter sees bear and says animal bigger than dog and has shorter legs so makes a bear category in brain

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22
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

0-2

  • View world through senses
  • Have form of locomotion
  • Lack object permeance
23
Q

Sensorimotor stage (0-6 months)

A

-lack object permanence-meaning if something is out of sight it literally ceases to exist

24
Q

At what age to infants begin to gain object permeance?

A

About 8 months

25
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

2-7

  • Egocentric
  • use Symbols (one object to rep. another)
  • Cannot use logic or perform mental tasks
  • Pretend play
26
Q

Egocentrism

A

Difficulty perceiving things from another point of view

Example: talking right past one another or the brother example from class

27
Q

Conservatism

A

A concept preoperational age do not have- the principle that properties of voluem remain the same despite changes in form

28
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Each person has own thoughts and people do not know what I am thinking and everyone has same thoughts as me (preconditioonals don’t get this yet)

29
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

7-11

  • Understand conservation
  • Understand mathmatical transformations
  • Think abstractly
  • Concrete features of world
30
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

12- Adult

  • Think Abstractly
  • Diff realities
  • Form hyp
  • test ideas
  • ask how SHOULD thinks be
31
Q

Critisisms of Piaget

A
  • Same sequences across cultures
  • underestimated childs abilities at certain ages
  • development is contin.
32
Q

Attachment

A

Monkey exp. showed that attachment to comfortable object is sometimes more important than something providing nourishment

33
Q

What did Harry and Margaret Marlow do?

A

The monkey study

34
Q

At what age does anxiety begin?

A

8 months

35
Q

Imprinting

A

A form of attachment in non human animals related to the critical period in the hours following hatching. They follow around the first moving object they see

36
Q

Authoritarian

A

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

37
Q

Permissive

A

Parents submit to childrens desires

38
Q

Auhoritative

A

Parents are demanding and responsive. set rules but allow open discusiion

39
Q

insecure attachment

A
  • Very upset when mom leaves
  • Doesn’t care when mom comes back
  • Avoidant
  • Ignores caregiver
40
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Caregiver are base from which to explore

  • plays with toys but checks to see if mom is there
  • upset when mom leaves and comforted when mom comes back
41
Q

Which is more powerful: punishment or rewards?

A

Rewards

42
Q

Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development

A

Children develop longituidinally, 2 moral levels of development, age related to advances in cognitive skills of moral reasoning

43
Q

Pre-conventional level

A

self interest: avoid punishment or gain concrete reward

44
Q

Conventional Level

A

Morality of law and social law (gaining social approval)

45
Q

Post Conventional Level

A

Belief in basic rights and self defined principles

46
Q

Ericksons Stages of Psy and Dev

A

Focus on loving and being loved/ contibuting and developing relationships

47
Q

0-1

A

Trust

48
Q

1-3

A

Autonomy

49
Q

3-6

A

Initiative

50
Q

6-pub

A

competence

51
Q

adolescense

A

identity

52
Q

young adulthood

A

Intamcy

53
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

Generativity

54
Q

Late Adulthood

A

Integrity

PSY 301 (10 decks)

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