Chapter 3 Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Question 1

Repair and Restoration Theory

Answer 1

The theory that we sleep in order to restore our depleted cells

Question 2

Energy Conservation Theory

Answer 2

Conserve energy and avoid danger

Question 3

Stage 1 Sleep

Answer 3

brain waves more irregular, (theta waves), body jerks, easily awaken

Question 4

Stage 2 Sleep

Answer 4

Muscles relax, breathing/heart rate slows/sleep spindles (1-2 sec of brain activity)

Question 5

Stage 3 Sleep

Answer 5

Slow delta waves

Question 6

Stage 4 Sleep

Answer 6

Pulse, breathing, activity slowest. Delta Waves. Hardest to awaken from.

Question 7

REM Sleep

Answer 7

Rapid eye movements, super active brain, muscles controlling posture and motions super relaxed (paralysis). Heart rate increased, breathing rapid, have super vivid/strange dreams

Question 8

Activation Snythesis Theory

Answer 8

Cortex takes normal activity (that we are transferring to memory) and buts a story to it. We have a natural drive to synthesize stories.

Question 9

What is support for synthesis theory?

Answer 9

We all have common dreams, unable to move

Question 10

Nuerocognitive Theory

Answer 10

Dreaming is a form of creative thinking. Let you see things in new and interesting ways. Lose self control. Reduction of sensory stimulation.

Question 11

Support for Neurocognitive Theory

Answer 11

Culutral differences do not affect dream content, temporal lobe activated during dreams (emotion)

Question 12

REM Rebound

Answer 12

When deprived of sleep we have more hours of REM sleep than usual to “catch up”

Question 13

Insomnia

Answer 13

not sleeping or lack of sleep
• Measured by how tired they report feeling
• Initial, Terminal, and Middle insominia
• 1/3 of adults have occasional insomnia
• 1/10 have chronic insomnia
• Often accompanies other disorders as well ( anxiety, depression, chronic illness)

Question 14

Sleep Apnea:

Answer 14

failure to breath during sleep
• People often do not breathe for one minute or longer then wake up gasping
• Headaches and sleepiness next day
• Affect 8% of men and 4% of women

Question 15

Narcolepsy

Answer 15

• Sudden attacks of extreme irresistible sleepiness in the middle of day
• Often fall asleep instantly
• Muscle paralysis or weakness

Question 16

Sleep Talking

Answer 16

• Most common during stage 2 sleep
• Can range from a single word to a whole paragraph or conversation between sleep talkers
• Not related to other emotional disorders

Question 17

Sleepwalking

Answer 17

• Tends to run in families
• Clumsy, purposeless movement
• Only limited responsiveness surroundings
• Just guide the sleepwalker gently back to bed (pointless to awaken person)

Question 18

Night Terrors

Answer 18

• Person awakens in state of panic
• Screaming/sweating
• Heart rate up to triple normal rate
• Occurs during deep NREM sleep
• Single image, or no dream contents at all
• Common in young children, not in adults

Question 19

Periodic Limb Movement

Answer 19

• Creepy-crawly sensations in legs
• Repetitive leg movement-wakes people
• More common in people over 50
• Helps to get up and walk around
• Worsens with caffeine, stress, fatigue

Question 20

Hypersomnia

Answer 20

• Excessive but unrefreshing sleep
• 8-9 hours per day during week, plus naps
• Up to 18-22 hours per day on weekends
• Person has trouble awakening , feels confused, poorly rested
• Sometimes related to head trauma, viral infection, or mood disorders

Question 21

Manifest Content (freauds approach to dreams)

Answer 21

content on the surface (what you actually see in dream)

Question 22

Latent Content

Answer 22

What is being symbolically represented in dream