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PSY 301 > Chapter 12 Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Individual characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, acting

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2
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Theories controversial and autobiographical

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3
Q

4 Components of Freud

A

1) Fearful of father, sexually attracted to mother
2) Not empirically tested
3) not accepted by academic psychology
4) popular with culture

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4
Q

Unconcious

A

Resovoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories

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5
Q

Human Personality

A

conflict between pleasure seeking bio impulse and social restraints

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6
Q

Stage theory

A

Showing where life energy is focused and where gratification occurs

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7
Q

Oral stage

A

Birth-18 months

mouth sucking dependancy

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8
Q

Anal Stage

A

18 mnts-3yrs

Anus, control

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9
Q

Phallic Stage

A

3-6 years

Penis/moral and sexual identification

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10
Q

Latency Stage

A

6-12

period of relaxed calm

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11
Q

Genital Stage

A

Post puberty, genitals

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12
Q

How do stages work for life?

A

Need to resolve each stage to have a good life

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13
Q

What are the two most important things in freuds eyes?

A

Ability to love and to work

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14
Q

What does unsuccesful resolution of a stage lead to?

A

Fixation

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15
Q

Identification

A

children incorporate parents values in developing superego

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16
Q

Oedipal Complex

A

Boy sexual desire towards mother and hate for father

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17
Q

Electra Complex

A

female version of Oedipal

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18
Q

Id

A

“the it”
If it feels good, do it.
No consequences or possibility thinking

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19
Q

Pleasure principle

A

your raw desires found in the id

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20
Q

Ego

A

“THE I”

Concious self that balances impulses with actual possibilites

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21
Q

Reality Principle

A

Stuck in reality , in the middle

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22
Q

Superego

A

“THE ABOVE I”

Pushes people to behave in accordance with society

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23
Q

Does it result in action?

A

No it gives you mental image of what you want.

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24
Q

Iceberg Theory

A

Concious is above water level. Id completely under water. superego in and out of water. Ego mostly above water

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25
Q

Free Association

A

Taps into unconscious by word map free association

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26
Q

Dreams

A

-royal road to the unconscious

Freud kept diary of own dreams and analyzed that

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27
Q

3 other ways to tap unconscious?

A

1) Belief, habits, symptoms
2) Freudian slips
3) Jokes

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28
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Repression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, denial

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29
Q

Repression

A

Most basic. Banishing all anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, memories(push id impulses away from conscious)

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30
Q

Regression

A

Retreating to earlier infantile stage, returning to a state and feeling fixated.
**NOT REAL

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31
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Saying and doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse

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32
Q

Projection

A

Instead of admitting of being a certain way, person acuses others of being that way

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33
Q

Rationalization

A

construct phony accusations to hide real reason for behavior

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34
Q

Displacment

A

Diverting sexual impulses into more acceptable behavior

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35
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe troubling fact

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36
Q

Why was Freud so popular?

A

Said all people have sex and aggresion urges
Traveled a lot and publicized work
Very charming

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37
Q

Freud Wrongs:

A

Ideas couldn’t be scientifically tested and have no empirical support

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38
Q

Freud Rights

A
  • Unconscious is really important
  • People have conficting motives
  • childhood exp. important
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39
Q

Projective Testing

A

Test with ambiguous stimuli for which there is no correct or obvious answers (still used today)

40
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

Set of 10 inkblot designed by Herman Rorsschach
Problem: didn’t know how to interpret meaning
Used as ice breaker

41
Q

Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)

A

31 Ambiguous pictures containing personal and social interactions and person asked to tell story.

42
Q

what was TAT designed for and what is it actually use for?

A

Designed to tap into unconscious put used to see underlying motivations and goals

43
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

Focused on growth and fulfillment of individuals

44
Q

Three conditions in humanistic perspective:

A

1) Genuineness
2) Acceptance or Unconditional positive regard
3) Empathy

45
Q

Rogers Personality Theory

A

Need for positive regard is another basic need (raised with conditional positive regard)
**Might breed narcissism

46
Q

Trait Perspective

A

trait is a characteristic pattern of behavior. We can identify traits in individuals

47
Q

BIG FIVE: OCEAN

A

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, narcissism

48
Q

Personality Inventory

A

assess self reported thoughts, feelings, behavior

49
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Improved performance of tasks in presence of others (depends on task difficulty)
*home advantage only slightly real

50
Q

Social Loafing

A

Tendency for people in group to exert less force when in group working towards common goal

51
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Everyone thinking someone else did something

52
Q

Bystandder Effect

A

More people thing there are others people available, less likely people are to help

53
Q

Mere-Exposure Effect

A

If we have seen it before, we will like it more

54
Q

Attributions

A

explanations for ourselves and others

55
Q

Internal

A

about the person

56
Q

External

A

About the situation

57
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Overestimate internal factors an underestimate external FOR OTHERS

58
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

Attributing the way that works besst for us

ex: test results

59
Q

Just World Hyp

A

Beleif that people get what they deserve

60
Q

Attitues

A

Belief and feeling that predispose one to respon in particular way to objects, people, eents

61
Q

Social Roles

A

Stanford prison experiment
Showed power of roles via manipulation
People excuse behavior when told by authority to do something

62
Q

Depression

A

sadness, gloom, hopelessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, change in sleep, difficult concentrating, restlesness

63
Q

Risk Factors of Depression

A

Social support, ruminative response style, low self esteem, physical emotional ilness, attention turned inward

64
Q

Bipolar Depression

A

Dramatic mood swimngs,

65
Q

PET Scan for bipolar

A

looks different in different stages

66
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Split mind, most crippling

67
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Hallucination, delusions, disorganization

68
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Emotionless, lacking energy, difficulty thinking, diminished social drive

69
Q

Biology of Schizophrenia

A

Dopamine over activity and brain abnormalites

  • Low activity in frontal lobe
  • shrinkage in some areas
  • increased amygdala activity
70
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Emotionally charged confiding between trained therapist and someone who suffers from psycholgical difficulties

71
Q

Pschoanalysis

A

Bring conflicts in consciousness
offer interpretations
The idea that self awareness brings cures

72
Q

Humanistic Theory

A

Treating people like people
Focuses on present and future before past
Looks at conscious thoughts
Promoting growth

73
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Client Centered Therapy

74
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

use for phobia, anxiety, addiction

75
Q

Foot in the door

A

Build up to a request

76
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

When things don’t go together

77
Q

Door in the face

A

Ask for a lot up front and settle for a little (the amount you actually wanted)

78
Q

Lowballing

A

the idea that a person is more likely to commit to a lower price and they you add it other charges

79
Q

Asch study

A

Showed that obedience is real and under authority people will do what you tell them to

80
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

The idea of finding someone to blame for something that went wrong

81
Q

Three bio causes of aggression

A

Genetics, nueral, biochemical

82
Q

Frustration aggression principle

A

Frustration sparks anger which sparks aggression

83
Q

Aversive Events

A

Negative stimuli that increase aggression

84
Q

Social Script

A

Culturally provides mental file of how to act

85
Q

Self Esteem

A

Our feelings of self worth

86
Q

How can self esteem effect attitude?

A

People with higher self esteem answer more positively to questions about self

87
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Our sense of competence on a task

88
Q

How can self-efficacy effect self?

A

If we have self-efficacy we do better at tasks

89
Q

self serving bias

A

readiness to perceive ourselves favorably; see ourselves as better than average

90
Q

How does self serving bias work?

A

People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad, and for successes than for failures

91
Q

Narcissism

A

excessive self-love and self-absorption

92
Q

If there is so much self-serving bias why are people unhappy?

A

1) Self directed put-downs
2) We prepare ourselves for possible failure
3) Putting ourselves down helps us learn from mistakes
4) Bad behavior is described as “long ago” while good behavior is more easily remembered and brought forward

93
Q

Individualism

A

the very core of your being, the sense of me, awareness of conviction and power

94
Q

Collectivist

A

Identifying as a group. Have deep attachment to the group

95
Q

Social Psychologist

A

j

PSY 301 (10 decks)

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