Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A+P 1 > Chapter 8: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

places where bone articulate

-any area in your body where 2 bones come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Classifying joints

A
  1. Based on the degree of movement allowed
    - synarthrosis - immovable joint
    - amphiarthrosis- slightly movable joint
    - diarthrosis- freely movable joint
  2. based on material found at articulation point
    - fibrous- contain collagen fibers
    - cartilaginous- contain cartilage
    - synovial- fluid-filled synovial joint cavity separates articulating bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classifying Joints: Synarthrosis

A

immovable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classifying Joints: Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joint (if you used enough pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classifying Joints: Diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Movements allowed at joints

A
  • Gliding
  • Angular
  • flexion
  • extension
  • hyperextension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Movement allowed at joints: Gliding

A

flat surfaces of 2 bone sliding back + forth across one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Movement allowed at joints: Angular

A

involve changing the angle of 2 bases
(change in angle between 2 bones)
-flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Movement allowed at joints: Flexion

A

angle between 2 bones decreases

ex: flexion at the neck (points head downward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Movement allowed at joints: Extension

A

increases angle between 2 bones

ex: straightening out the elbow or bringing you head back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Movement allowed at joints: hyperextension

A

extending beyond 180 degrees (which is a straight line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the body, moving a bone away from the midline
ex: spread your fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adduction

A

moving the bone toward the midline (bringing It back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Circumduction

A

keeping the proximal part of a bone fixed and move the distal end in a circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rotation

A

bone spins in place along its longitudinal axis (bone spins in place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Supination

A

moving hands palms up (take thumbs and turn them laterally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pronation

A

take thumbs and move them medially (palms down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

move the foot like you’re pressing the gas (pointing toe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

point heel (ease off gas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inversion

A

move the sole of your food medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eversion

A

moving the sole of your foot laterally

22
Q

Protraction

A

sticking jaw out, moving a bone anteriorly along a transverse plane (protecting mandible)

23
Q

Retraction

A

moving the bone posteriorly along a transverse plane (bringing bone back, bring jaw back)

24
Q

Depression

A

moving a bone inferiorly

ex: open mouth; depressing mandible

25
Q

Elevation

A

moving a bone superiorly

ex: close your mouth; elevate mandible

26
Q

Opposition

A

touching thumb to any of the fingers

27
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

bones joined by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity; most are synarhrotic

  • sutures: skull only
  • syndesmoses: bones connected by cord or sheet of fibrous tissue
  • gomphoses: teeth only
28
Q

Fibrous Joints: Sutures

A

skull only

  • no movement
  • protection
  • dense fibrous connective tissue fills space
  • penetrates bones
  • ossifies in adulthood to form synostoses
29
Q

Fibrous Joints: Syndesmoses

A

bones connected by cord (ligaments) or sheet (interosseous membrane) of fibrous tissue.
-Length of fibers determines degree of movement.

30
Q

Fibrous Joints: Gomphoses

A

teeth only; “peg in socket” arrangement; periodontal ligaments

31
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity

  • synchondroses
  • sympheses
32
Q

Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses

A

contain hyaline cartilage

  • some are synarthrotic
  • others amphiarthrotic; examples: epiphyseal plate; costal cartilages; many ossify and become bony joints called synostoses (which are synarthrotic) in adulthood
33
Q

Cartilaginous Joints: Sympheses

A

contain fibrocartilage and are typically amphiarthrotic

ex: intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis

34
Q

Synovial Joints

A

bones separated by fluid filled joint cavity; most common; diarthrotic; all limbs; most joints in body

  • plane joints
  • hinge joints
  • pivot joints
  • condyloid
  • saddle joints
  • ball and socket
35
Q

Synovial Joints: Pane Joints

A

artic surfaces flat: gliding movement; intercarp/tars; nonaxial
-allow gliding

36
Q

Synovial Joints: Hinge Joints

A

convex bone in trough; one plane- flex/extension, elbow, interphalangeal joints
-allow flexion and extension

37
Q

Synovial Joints: Pivot Joints

A

rounded bone fits in ring on 2nd bone; unaxial; radioulnar, head
-allow rotation

38
Q

Synovial Joints: Condyloid

A

both surfaces oval, all angular movements; wrist, “knuckles”

-allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

39
Q

Synovial Joints: Saddle Joints

A

like condyloid; thumb (where proximal phalange meets first metacarpal)
-allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction (but with freer movement)

40
Q

Synovial Joints: Ball and Socket

A

spherical head, cup socket; greatest movement; hip, shoulder.
-allow all movements of condyloid plus rotation

41
Q

Synovial Joints 5 Characteristics in Common

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Articular Capsule
  3. Joint (articular) Cavity
  4. Synovial Fluid
  5. Ligaments
42
Q

Synovial Characteristics in Common: Articular Cartilage

A

covers opposing bone surfaces, protection

43
Q

Synovial Characteristics in Common: Articular Capsule

A

double-layered capsule that encloses cavity.

  • Outer layer is fibrous and continuous with periostea
  • inner layer is synovial membrane that produces the synovial fluid
44
Q

Synovial Characteristics in Common: Joint (articular) Cavity

A

created by capsule; filled with synovial fluid

45
Q

Synovial Characteristics in Common: Synovial Fluid

A

filtrate from blood and hyaluronic acid from fibroblasts from viscous synovial fluid; reduces friction; “weeping lubrication” moves fluid into and out of articular cartilages when joint is compressed/ relieved- nourishes cartilage cells

46
Q

Synovial Characteristics in Common: Ligaments

A

strengthen/ stabilize joint

47
Q

Sprain

A

ligaments are stretched or torn

-surgical repair often necessary

48
Q

Cartilage injuries

A

tearing meniscus of knee; articular cartilage; epiphyseal plate.
-avascular- cannot repair itself

49
Q

Dislocations

A

bones forced out of normal position at joint.

-repeats will occur

50
Q

Inflammation

A

include:
bursitis (direct hit injury)
tendonitis (overuse injury)
-treat with anti-inflammatory drugs

51
Q

Arthritis

A

100s of types; pain, stiffness, swelling

  • osteoarthritis- most common, degenerative diseases; 85% of people will develop
  • rheumatoid arthritis- chronic inflammatory disease; autoimmune

A+P 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions