Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

Integument

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

Integumentary Appendages

Answer 2

things related to skin

-hair, nails, sweat glands

Question 3

Integument: 2 layers

Answer 3

Epidermis- stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis- Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 4

Hypodermis

Answer 4

superficial fascia = areolar + adipose tissue

Question 5

Keratinocytes

Answer 5

cell of epidermis

• most abundant epidermal cell
• produce + contain the protein keratin
• keratin provides resilience

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

cell of the epidermis

• produce the protein melanin
• release melanin in melanosomes which are picked up by keratinocytes

Question 7

Melanin

Answer 7

primary determinant of skin color (amount of activity of the cell determines color; more active: darker)
-protect keratinocyte DNA from UV light

Question 8

Mutagen

Answer 8

something that increases rates of DNA mutation

Question 9

Carcinogen

Answer 9

a mutagen that increases chances of cancer

Question 10

Dendrite Cells (Langerhans cells)

Answer 10

Cell of epidermis
fixed macrophages- reside in + never leave a given tissue
macro-big
phages-eat

Question 11

Macrophage

Answer 11

any cell that can perform phagocytosis

Question 12

Merkel Cells

Answer 12

Cell of epidermis

-epidermal touch receptors

Question 13

Layer of the Epidermis: Stratum Basale

Answer 13

bottom layer of cells

• “stem cell” keratinocytes
• melanocytes live
• merkel cells live

Question 14

Layer of the Epidermis: Stratum Spinosum

Answer 14

these “spines” are bundles of collagen fibers called Tonofilaments which anchor adjacent keratinocytes to one another

• typical layer of dendritic cells
• keratinocytes have “spines”

Question 15

Layer of the Epidermis: Stratum Granulosum

Answer 15

keratinocytes exhibit granules (visible collections of chemicals in the cytosol)
2 kinds of granules:
-keratohyaline granules: collections of keratin molecules
-Lamellated granules: “waterproofing” chemicals (make outer layer of epidermis waterproof)

Question 16

Layer of the Epidermis: Stratum Lucidum

Answer 16

• found only in thick skin (palms of hands, soles of feet)

- a thin layer of unpigmented keratinocytes

Question 17

Layer of the Epidermis: Stratum Corneum

Answer 17

thick waterproofing layer of dead keratinocytes (layer of armor)

Question 18

Dermis: 2 layers

Answer 18

Papillary layer- superficial part

• exhibit dermal papillae (contain touch receptors)
• very vascular (lots of blood vessels)
• areolar tissue

Reticular layer

• dense irregular connective tissue (tears in this layer can produce striae (stretch marks))
• where most integumentary appendages are found

Question 19

Ceruminous Glands

Answer 19

produce cerumen (earwax)

• found in external auditory meati
• prevent microorganism from entering middle + inner ear