Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 1

PNS

Answer 1

sends impulses TO and FROM CNS

sensory motor
———>CNS——–>

Question 2

Receptors

Answer 2

neural structures that detect stimuli

Question 3

Classifying Receptors

Answer 3

1. Based on location
2. Based on complexity
3. Based on stimulus type detected

Question 4

Classifying Receptors: Based on location

Answer 4

Exteroreceptors- Superficial

Interoreceptors- Deep
-proprioceptors- receptors that are found in muscles, joints; provide information on body position (know what position body is in) (Spinal Cord Tract)

Question 5

Classifying Receptors: Based on Complexity

Answer 5

Simple: handle somatosensation (heat, cold, pain, touch) handle everything besides the special senses

Complex: handle the special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell)

Question 6

Classifying Receptors: Based on Stimulus Type Detected

Answer 6

• Mechanoreceptors- respond to mechanical stimuli (physical forces)
• Chemoreceptors- detect chemicals (O2 + CO2)
• Photoreceptors- detect light
• Thermoreceptors- detect temperature changes
• Nociceptors- detects pain (noxious-painful; obnoxious-painfully annoying)

Question 7

Nerve

Answer 7

a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 8

Ganglion

Answer 8

a collection of cell bodies in the PNS neuron

Question 9

Each AXON in a nerve is covered/wrapped in an______

Answer 9

Endoneurium

Question 10

Each FASCICLE is wrapped in a______

Answer 10

Perineurium

Question 11

Each NERVE is wrapped in a______

Answer 11

Epineurium

Question 12

Types of Nerves

Answer 12

!. Sensory Nerve- contains only sensory (afferent) axons (going toward)

2. Motor Nerves- contains only motor (efferent) axons (going away from)
3. Mixed Nerves- contain both afferent + efferent (traveling in both directions)

Question 13

Each part of the PNS arises from either a _____ or a ____

Answer 13

1. Cranial Nerve

2. Spinal Nerve

Question 14

Cranial Nerves

Answer 14

I- Olfactory Nerves
II- Optic Nerve
III- Oculomotor Nerves
IV- Trochlear Nerves
V- Trigeminal Nerves
VI- Abducens Nerves
VII- Facial Nerves
VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerves
IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerves
X- Vagus Nerves
XI- Accessory Nerves
XII- Hypoglossal Nerves

Question 15

Cranial Nerve: Olfactory Nerve

Answer 15

#- I
Function- Smell

Question 16

Cranial Nerve: Optic Nerve

Answer 16

- II

(2)
Function- Vision

Question 17

Cranial Nerve: Oculomotor Nerves

Answer 17

#- III 
(3)
Function- pupil constriction, eye movements and opens eyelids

Question 18

Cranial Nerve: Trochlear Nerves

Answer 18

- IV

(4)
Function- stimulate superior oblique muscle (eye)

Question 19

Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal Nerves

Answer 19

- V

(5)
Function- somatosenation of face, scalp, and teeth; innervate chewing muscles

Question 20

Cranial Nerve: Abducens Nerves

Answer 20

- VI

(6)
Function- lateral eye movements (lateral rectus muscle of eye)

Question 21

Cranial Nerve: Facial Nerves

Answer 21

- VII

(7)
Function- control facial muscles; cause salivation, tear secretions + taste

Question 22

Cranial Nerve: Vestibulocochlear Nerves

Answer 22

- VIII

(8)
Function- hearing + balance

Question 23

Cranial Nerve: Glossopharyngeal Nerves

Answer 23

- IX

(9)
Function- monitor blood pressure, cause salivation, and swallowing

Question 24

Cranial Nerve: Vagus Nerves

Answer 24

- X

(10)
Function- forms 90% of parasympathetic nervous system; regulation of many visceral organs, including the heart

Question 25

Cranial Nerve: Accessory Nerves

Answer 25

- XI

(11)
Function- control neck, larynx, and shoulder muscles

Question 26

Cranial Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerves

Answer 26

- XII

(12)
Function- control tongue movements

Question 27

Spinal Nerve

Answer 27

Mixed nerves

contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerves

Question 28

Dorsal Ramus

Answer 28

provide somatosensory + somatic motor neurons to dorsal trunk (small part that spinal nerve divides into)

Question 29

Ventral Ramus

Answer 29

same as dorsal Rami, but for Ventral trunk + limbs (arms + legs)
(larger part that spinal nerve divides into)

Question 30

Intercostal Nerves

Answer 30

Ventral Rami of T2 - T12 (thoracic spinal nerves) (on left side)

Question 31

Cervical Plexuses

Answer 31

(Formed by Ventral Rami of C1 - C5)

Overall, serve neck, back of head (lesser occipital nerves), external ears (auricular nerves)

Question 32

Brachial Plexuses

Answer 32

(Formed by Ventral Rami of C5-C8, T1)

Overall, serve arms, pectoral girdle (attach arms to trunk)

Question 33

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm

Answer 33

1. Axillary
2. Musculocutaneous
3. Median
4. Ulnar
5. Radial

Question 34

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Axillary

Answer 34

innervates underarm (armpit), shoulder (deltoid)

Question 35

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Answer 35

serve anterior proximal arm

ex: Biceps Brachii

Question 36

5 Major Nerve Of The Arm: Median

Answer 36

serve anterior forearm, lateral half of palm

ex: Palmaris Longus

Question 37

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Ulnar

Answer 37

serves medial arm, medial forearm, medial half of palm

ex: flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 38

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Radial

Answer 38

serves posterior arm, posterior forearm, posterior hand (dorsum)
ex: extensor digitorum

Question 39

Lumbar Plexuses

Answer 39

(formed by the Ventral Rami of L1 - L5)
Overall, serve abdominal region (“abs”), anterior thighs, medial thighs
ex: nerves that serve:
-“abs”–> Iliohypogastric Nerves (lower abs)
-Anterior Thighs–> femoral nerves (quadriceps)
- Medial Thighs–> Obturator Nerves (Adductor Magnus)
(Obturator nerves go through obturator foramina)

Question 40

Sacral Plexuses

Answer 40

(formed by Ventral Rami of L4–S4)
Overall, serve gluteal regions, posterior thigh, most of lower leg
ex: nerves that serve:
-Gluteal Regions–> Gluteal Nerves
-Posterior Thigh–> Sciatic Nerve (thickest nerve)(Hamstring; back of thigh)
-Most Of Lower Leg–> Tibial (Soleus, Gastrocnemius)