Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 1

PNS

Answer 1

sends impulses TO and FROM CNS

sensory motor
———>CNS——–>

Question 2

Receptors

Answer 2

neural structures that detect stimuli

Question 3

Classifying Receptors

Answer 3

1. Based on location
2. Based on complexity
3. Based on stimulus type detected

Question 4

Classifying Receptors: Based on location

Answer 4

Exteroreceptors- Superficial

Interoreceptors- Deep
-proprioceptors- receptors that are found in muscles, joints; provide information on body position (know what position body is in) (Spinal Cord Tract)

Question 5

Classifying Receptors: Based on Complexity

Answer 5

Simple: handle somatosensation (heat, cold, pain, touch) handle everything besides the special senses

Complex: handle the special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell)

Question 6

Classifying Receptors: Based on Stimulus Type Detected

Answer 6

• Mechanoreceptors- respond to mechanical stimuli (physical forces)
• Chemoreceptors- detect chemicals (O2 + CO2)
• Photoreceptors- detect light
• Thermoreceptors- detect temperature changes
• Nociceptors- detects pain (noxious-painful; obnoxious-painfully annoying)

Question 7

Nerve

Answer 7

a bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 8

Ganglion

Answer 8

a collection of cell bodies in the PNS neuron

Question 9

Each AXON in a nerve is covered/wrapped in an______

Answer 9

Endoneurium

Question 10

Each FASCICLE is wrapped in a______

Answer 10

Perineurium

Question 11

Each NERVE is wrapped in a______

Answer 11

Epineurium

Question 12

Types of Nerves

Answer 12

!. Sensory Nerve- contains only sensory (afferent) axons (going toward)

2. Motor Nerves- contains only motor (efferent) axons (going away from)
3. Mixed Nerves- contain both afferent + efferent (traveling in both directions)

Question 13

Each part of the PNS arises from either a _____ or a ____

Answer 13

1. Cranial Nerve

2. Spinal Nerve

Question 14

Cranial Nerves

Answer 14

I- Olfactory Nerves
II- Optic Nerve
III- Oculomotor Nerves
IV- Trochlear Nerves
V- Trigeminal Nerves
VI- Abducens Nerves
VII- Facial Nerves
VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerves
IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerves
X- Vagus Nerves
XI- Accessory Nerves
XII- Hypoglossal Nerves

Question 15

Cranial Nerve: Olfactory Nerve

Answer 15

#- I
Function- Smell

Question 16

Cranial Nerve: Optic Nerve

Answer 16

- II

(2)
Function- Vision

Question 17

Cranial Nerve: Oculomotor Nerves

Answer 17

#- III 
(3)
Function- pupil constriction, eye movements and opens eyelids

Question 18

Cranial Nerve: Trochlear Nerves

Answer 18

- IV

(4)
Function- stimulate superior oblique muscle (eye)

Question 19

Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal Nerves

Answer 19

- V

(5)
Function- somatosenation of face, scalp, and teeth; innervate chewing muscles

Question 20

Cranial Nerve: Abducens Nerves

Answer 20

- VI

(6)
Function- lateral eye movements (lateral rectus muscle of eye)

Question 21

Cranial Nerve: Facial Nerves

Answer 21

- VII

(7)
Function- control facial muscles; cause salivation, tear secretions + taste

Question 22

Cranial Nerve: Vestibulocochlear Nerves

Answer 22

- VIII

(8)
Function- hearing + balance

Question 23

Cranial Nerve: Glossopharyngeal Nerves

Answer 23

- IX

(9)
Function- monitor blood pressure, cause salivation, and swallowing

Question 24

Cranial Nerve: Vagus Nerves

Answer 24

- X

(10)
Function- forms 90% of parasympathetic nervous system; regulation of many visceral organs, including the heart

Question 25

Cranial Nerve: Accessory Nerves

Answer 25

#- XI (11) Function- control neck, larynx, and shoulder muscles

Question 26

Cranial Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerves

Answer 26

#- XII (12) Function- control tongue movements

Question 27

Spinal Nerve

Answer 27

Mixed nerves | contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerves

Question 28

Dorsal Ramus

Answer 28

provide somatosensory + somatic motor neurons to dorsal trunk (small part that spinal nerve divides into)

Question 29

Ventral Ramus

Answer 29

same as dorsal Rami, but for Ventral trunk + limbs (arms + legs) (larger part that spinal nerve divides into)

Question 30

Intercostal Nerves

Answer 30

Ventral Rami of T2 - T12 (thoracic spinal nerves) (on left side)

Question 31

Cervical Plexuses

Answer 31

(Formed by Ventral Rami of C1 - C5) | Overall, serve neck, back of head (lesser occipital nerves), external ears (auricular nerves)

Question 32

Brachial Plexuses

Answer 32

(Formed by Ventral Rami of C5-C8, T1) | Overall, serve arms, pectoral girdle (attach arms to trunk)

Question 33

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm

Answer 33

1. Axillary 2. Musculocutaneous 3. Median 4. Ulnar 5. Radial

Question 34

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Axillary

Answer 34

innervates underarm (armpit), shoulder (deltoid)

Question 35

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Answer 35

serve anterior proximal arm | ex: Biceps Brachii

Question 36

5 Major Nerve Of The Arm: Median

Answer 36

serve anterior forearm, lateral half of palm | ex: Palmaris Longus

Question 37

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Ulnar

Answer 37

serves medial arm, medial forearm, medial half of palm | ex: flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 38

5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Radial

Answer 38

serves posterior arm, posterior forearm, posterior hand (dorsum) ex: extensor digitorum

Question 39

Lumbar Plexuses

Answer 39

(formed by the Ventral Rami of L1 - L5) Overall, serve abdominal region ("abs"), anterior thighs, medial thighs ex: nerves that serve: -"abs"--> Iliohypogastric Nerves (lower abs) -Anterior Thighs--> femoral nerves (quadriceps) - Medial Thighs--> Obturator Nerves (Adductor Magnus) (Obturator nerves go through obturator foramina)

Question 40

Sacral Plexuses

Answer 40

(formed by Ventral Rami of L4--S4) Overall, serve gluteal regions, posterior thigh, most of lower leg ex: nerves that serve: -Gluteal Regions--> Gluteal Nerves -Posterior Thigh--> Sciatic Nerve (thickest nerve)(Hamstring; back of thigh) -Most Of Lower Leg--> Tibial (Soleus, Gastrocnemius)