Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Flashcards
PNS
sends impulses TO and FROM CNS
sensory motor
———>CNS——–>
Receptors
neural structures that detect stimuli
Classifying Receptors
- Based on location
- Based on complexity
- Based on stimulus type detected
Classifying Receptors: Based on location
Exteroreceptors- Superficial
Interoreceptors- Deep
-proprioceptors- receptors that are found in muscles, joints; provide information on body position (know what position body is in) (Spinal Cord Tract)
Classifying Receptors: Based on Complexity
Simple: handle somatosensation (heat, cold, pain, touch) handle everything besides the special senses
Complex: handle the special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell)
Classifying Receptors: Based on Stimulus Type Detected
- Mechanoreceptors- respond to mechanical stimuli (physical forces)
- Chemoreceptors- detect chemicals (O2 + CO2)
- Photoreceptors- detect light
- Thermoreceptors- detect temperature changes
- Nociceptors- detects pain (noxious-painful; obnoxious-painfully annoying)
Nerve
a bundle of axons in the PNS
Ganglion
a collection of cell bodies in the PNS neuron
Each AXON in a nerve is covered/wrapped in an______
Endoneurium
Each FASCICLE is wrapped in a______
Perineurium
Each NERVE is wrapped in a______
Epineurium
Types of Nerves
!. Sensory Nerve- contains only sensory (afferent) axons (going toward)
- Motor Nerves- contains only motor (efferent) axons (going away from)
- Mixed Nerves- contain both afferent + efferent (traveling in both directions)
Each part of the PNS arises from either a _____ or a ____
- Cranial Nerve
2. Spinal Nerve
Cranial Nerves
I- Olfactory Nerves II- Optic Nerve III- Oculomotor Nerves IV- Trochlear Nerves V- Trigeminal Nerves VI- Abducens Nerves VII- Facial Nerves VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerves IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerves X- Vagus Nerves XI- Accessory Nerves XII- Hypoglossal Nerves
Cranial Nerve: Olfactory Nerve
#- I Function- Smell
Cranial Nerve: Optic Nerve
- II
(2)
Function- Vision
Cranial Nerve: Oculomotor Nerves
#- III (3) Function- pupil constriction, eye movements and opens eyelids
Cranial Nerve: Trochlear Nerves
- IV
(4)
Function- stimulate superior oblique muscle (eye)
Cranial Nerve: Trigeminal Nerves
- V
(5)
Function- somatosenation of face, scalp, and teeth; innervate chewing muscles
Cranial Nerve: Abducens Nerves
- VI
(6)
Function- lateral eye movements (lateral rectus muscle of eye)
Cranial Nerve: Facial Nerves
- VII
(7)
Function- control facial muscles; cause salivation, tear secretions + taste
Cranial Nerve: Vestibulocochlear Nerves
- VIII
(8)
Function- hearing + balance
Cranial Nerve: Glossopharyngeal Nerves
- IX
(9)
Function- monitor blood pressure, cause salivation, and swallowing
Cranial Nerve: Vagus Nerves
- X
(10)
Function- forms 90% of parasympathetic nervous system; regulation of many visceral organs, including the heart
Cranial Nerve: Accessory Nerves
- XI
(11)
Function- control neck, larynx, and shoulder muscles
Cranial Nerve: Hypoglossal Nerves
- XII
(12)
Function- control tongue movements
Spinal Nerve
Mixed nerves
contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerves
Dorsal Ramus
provide somatosensory + somatic motor neurons to dorsal trunk (small part that spinal nerve divides into)
Ventral Ramus
same as dorsal Rami, but for Ventral trunk + limbs (arms + legs)
(larger part that spinal nerve divides into)
Intercostal Nerves
Ventral Rami of T2 - T12 (thoracic spinal nerves) (on left side)
Cervical Plexuses
(Formed by Ventral Rami of C1 - C5)
Overall, serve neck, back of head (lesser occipital nerves), external ears (auricular nerves)
Brachial Plexuses
(Formed by Ventral Rami of C5-C8, T1)
Overall, serve arms, pectoral girdle (attach arms to trunk)
5 Major Nerves Of The Arm
- Axillary
- Musculocutaneous
- Median
- Ulnar
- Radial
5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Axillary
innervates underarm (armpit), shoulder (deltoid)
5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Musculocutaneous Nerve
serve anterior proximal arm
ex: Biceps Brachii
5 Major Nerve Of The Arm: Median
serve anterior forearm, lateral half of palm
ex: Palmaris Longus
5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Ulnar
serves medial arm, medial forearm, medial half of palm
ex: flexor carpi ulnaris
5 Major Nerves Of The Arm: Radial
serves posterior arm, posterior forearm, posterior hand (dorsum)
ex: extensor digitorum
Lumbar Plexuses
(formed by the Ventral Rami of L1 - L5)
Overall, serve abdominal region (“abs”), anterior thighs, medial thighs
ex: nerves that serve:
-“abs”–> Iliohypogastric Nerves (lower abs)
-Anterior Thighs–> femoral nerves (quadriceps)
- Medial Thighs–> Obturator Nerves (Adductor Magnus)
(Obturator nerves go through obturator foramina)
Sacral Plexuses
(formed by Ventral Rami of L4–S4)
Overall, serve gluteal regions, posterior thigh, most of lower leg
ex: nerves that serve:
-Gluteal Regions–> Gluteal Nerves
-Posterior Thigh–> Sciatic Nerve (thickest nerve)(Hamstring; back of thigh)
-Most Of Lower Leg–> Tibial (Soleus, Gastrocnemius)
