Chapter 3

Question 1

Parts Of The Cell

Answer 1

• plasma membrane
• cytoplasm
• organelles
• nucleus; control center of the cell (houses DNA)

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

instructions for building proteins including enzymes

Question 3

Without the correct ____ to catalyze a given reaction the process will occur to ____ to be useful

Answer 3

1. enzyme

2. slowly

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

controls which enzymes are and are not made

-controls reaction occurrence

Question 5

Parts Of The Nucleus

Answer 5

2 membranes make up the nuclear envelope

-surrounds and protects the genetic material supported by two layers of protein called: Nuclear Laminae

Question 6

Nuclear Pores

Answer 6

collection of proteins but control what enters and leaves the nucleus
-pore heavily monitored channel by proteins

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

the “genetic” material consists of DNA and is wrapped proteins called Histones

Question 8

What do Histones Do?

Answer 8

• protect DNA
• Do not want DNA damaged
• perform protective barrier
• prevent unauthorized access to DNA information
• Cover up DNA code

Question 9

Protein Synthesis

Answer 9

transcription + translation

• DNA– RNA– in cytoplasm– RNA makes protein– DNA stays the same
• ribosome synthesize protein

Question 10

3 Kinds of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

1. MRNA- messenger RNA
2. RRNA- Ribosomal RNA
3. TRNA- Transfer RNA

Question 11

MRNA

Answer 11

the instructions for building one specific protein

Question 12

RRNA

Answer 12

structure of a ribosome

Question 13

TRNA

Answer 13

brings individual amino acids to a ribosome

Question 14

Transcription Of MRNA

Answer 14

performed by RNA polymerase (enzyme; -ase)
which does the following:
1. finds the relevant area of DNA to be copied
2. Copies DNA sequence; traveling from the units promotor(beginning) to its terminator(end); in initiation, elongation and termination
- RNA polymerase maples a copy of that units antisense strand (template strand) by using the units sense(coding) strand as a template

ex:
DNA: AGCTCGA (antisense strand)
TCGAGCT (sense strand)
RNA: AGCUCGA (copy of antisense strand, copies through hydrogen bonds)

Question 15

Structure Of TRNA

Answer 15

[ TRNA ] amino acid attachment site
I I I
C G A (anticodon)
grabs amino acids and moves it into a protein
-complementary to the MRNA codon
-set of 3 bases (letters) that is used to recognize a specific codon

Question 16

MRNA Structure

Answer 16

AUG CCG AAA UUG GGA UAA  (MRNA)
TAC GGC  TTT  TTC  CCT  TTT  (DNA)
read in groups of three letters called codons, 3 bases (letters) of MRNA
AUG- Methionine ribosomes
CCG- Pro- Proline
AAA- lys
UUG- leu
GGA- gly
UAA- stop

Question 17

Transcription

Answer 17

the use of DNA to create RNA; occurs within the nucleus

Question 18

Translation

Answer 18

RNA molecules building a protein out of amino acids; occurs within the cytoplasm
-involves tRNA molecules bringing amino acids into ribosomes in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA)