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A+P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hierarchy Of Biological Order

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. Organ System
  6. Organism
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2
Q

Anatomy

A

studies the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another

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3
Q

Physiology

A

concerns the function of the body; how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

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4
Q

Chemical level

A

atoms of elements > molecules

ex: elements molecules
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen -H2O

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5
Q

Cellular level

A

cell- the smallest unit of life

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6
Q

Tissue level

A

tissue- a collection of cells working together to perform a novel function
ex: muscle tissue
nervous tissue

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7
Q

Organ level

A

organ- a collection of tissues working together to perform novel function

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8
Q

Organ System

A

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an organ system
ex: digestive system
or the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells

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9
Q

Organism

A

consists of a number of organ systems

  • highest level of organization
  • represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive
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10
Q

Functions common to living things

A

metabolism
reproduction
responsiveness
maintenance of homeostasis

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11
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of a living things chemical reactions

-performed in order to GET and USE energy

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12
Q

reproduction

A

production of an entire living thing

  • production of part of a living thing
    ex: growth, repair
  • all reproductive processes require DNA (genetic info)
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13
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to recognize change in the environment (external or internal) and to react appropriately

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14
Q

Maintenance of Homeostasis

A

homeostasis- a state of balance, in which internal conditions change, but only within narrow limits, and despite external influence
ex: if body temp. is around 98.6 you are maintaining body temp. at homeostasis. 104 is to high, 94 is to low.

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15
Q

3 Parts of a Homeostatic maintenance system

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Control Center
  3. Effector
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16
Q

Receptor

A

detects changes in bodily function

ex: thermoreceptors- keep track of body temp. seeing how much it went up or down

17
Q

Control Center

A

analyzes the significance of the change
-formulate appropriate response(s) to that change
(come up with the plan)

18
Q

Effector

A

performs the response formulated by the control center

executes the plan

19
Q

2 methods of homeostatic control

A

negative feedback

positive feedback

20
Q

Negative feedback

A

effectors actions OPPOSE (opposite) some original event or change
ex: temp 98.6 increases to 103, the control center will put on sweat glands to put body temperature back to 98.6 (to do opposite of what just happened)

21
Q

Positive Feedback

A

effectors actions ENHANCE an original event
ex: blood cells called platelets attract or stick to a torn vessel wall and will keep attracting to form a platelet plug to stop the bleeding (amplify it)

22
Q

2 main regions in the human body

A

axial

appendicular

23
Q

axial part

A

head, neck, torso

-makes up main axis of our body

24
Q

appendicular part

A

limbs

- attached to the body’s axis

25
Q

superior (cranial)

A

above; toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body

26
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below; away form the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body

27
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

in front of; toward or at the front of the body

28
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

behind; toward or at the back of the body

29
Q

medial

A

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

ex: the heart is medial to the arm

30
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

ex: the arms are lateral to the chest

31
Q

proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (going up)
ex: the elbow is proximal to the wrist

32
Q

distal

A

farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment of limb to the body trunk (going down)
ex: the knee is distal to the thigh

33
Q

superficial (external)

A

toward or at the surface

ex: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

34
Q

deep (internal)

A

away from the body surface; more internal

ex: the lungs are deep to the skin

35
Q

midsaggittal plane

A

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

36
Q

frontal plane (coronal)

A

divides the body into posterior and anterior parts

37
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

divides the body into top (superior; above) and bottom (inferior; below) parts

38
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions

A 
right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right (iliac) inguinal region
hypogastric (pubic) region
left (iliac) inguinal region

A+P 1 (15 decks)

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