Chapter 14 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Flashcards
Difference Between Somatic + Autonomic Nervous Systems
- Effectors that are innervated
- Connection to effectors
- Neurotransmitters used to influence effectors
- Effects of Neurotransmitters
Difference between Somatic + Autonomic Nervous Systems: Effectors that are innervated
- Somatic: innervates skeletal muscles
- Autonomic: innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (involuntary),
Difference between Somatic + Autonomic Nervous Systems: Connection to Effectors
-Somatic: CNS and each effector cell are connected by one neuron
-Autonomic: CNS and effector connected by a 2 neuron chain
nerve #1- preganglionic nerve
nerve#2- postganglionic nerve
ganglion- place where neuron #1 talks to neuron #2
Difference between Somatic + Autonomic Nervous Systems: Neurotransmitters used to influence effectors
- Somatic: ACh (acetylcholine)
- Autonomic: ACh and NE (norepinephrine)
Difference between Somatic+ Autonomic Nervous Systems: Effects Of Neurotransmitters
- Somatic- ACh always causes excitation
- Autonomic- ACh and NE cause excitation and inhibition, depending on effector
ACh–> Smooth muscle EXCITE
ACh–> cardiac muscle INHIBITS
Branches of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Parasympathetic
- Sympathetic
Branches of Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympathetic
-more active in resting situations
-promotes energy storage
-attempts to reduce energy expenditure
-tends to decrease effector activity
-promotes digestive + urinary activity
(at rest but preparing for a stressful situation) (save energy for emergency)
“Rest or Digest”
Branches Of The ANS: Sympathetic
-more active in stressful situations
(situations that interrupt/ threaten homeostasis, or make homeostasis harder to maintain)
ex: exercise, do work harder to maintain homeostasis
-tends to mobilize + pend stored energy (to get you through that stressful situation)
-tends to increase effector activity
-Inhibits digestive + urinary activity
Overall differences anatomically between parasympathetic divisions
- site of emergence from the CNS
2. location of the ganglia
Overall differences anatomically between parasympathetic divisions: Site of emergence from the CNS
- Parasympathetic: emerges from the brainstem + sacral nerves (craniosacral)
- Sympathetic: emerges from thoracic + lumbar spinal cord (thoracolumbar)
Overall differences anatomically between parasympathetic divisions: Location of the ganglia
-Parasympathetic: close to the effector (long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron)
-Sympathetic: close to the CNS (exception: prevertebral ganglia)
(long postganglionic neuron)
Parasympathetic Nervous System
III- where it comes out of, ganglia, effector
III- oculomotor (3)
Midbrain———-
Parasympathetic Nervous System
VII- where it comes out of, ganglion, effector
VII- facial (7)
Pons——
Parasympathetic Nervous System
IX- where it comes out of, ganglion, effector
IX- glossopharyngeal (9)
Medulla——
Parasympathetic Nervous System
X- where it comes out of, ganglion, effector
X- Vagus (10)
Medulla——-
