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Anatomy > Chapter 8 - Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Diarthrotic joints (freely movable) where the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-filled cavity

A

Synovial joints

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2
Q

“Synovial” means…

A

“joint egg” (egg-shaped pocket of fluid in a joint)

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3
Q

What is a major function of articular cartilage?

A

They absorb compression on the bone to prevent it from being crushed

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4
Q

Why is it called articular cartilage? What is it made of?

A

It is found where two bones articulate (meet at a joint). It is made of Hyaline cartilage.

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5
Q

True or false: Articular cartilage is thick cushioning

A

False, it is cushioning but only 1mm thick (very thin)

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6
Q

What is the appearance of Hyaline cartilage?

A

Glassy and smooth

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7
Q

What is the functional space containing fluid called in a synovial joint?

A

Articular or joint cavity

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8
Q

The joint cavity is a…..

A

potential space for synovial fluid

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9
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

A

It produces synovial fluid from filtering blood

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10
Q

What is the texture and color of synovial fluid?

A

Yellowish, slippery egg white texture

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11
Q

Synovial fluid is obtained by _______ ________ from capillaries in the _______ ________.

A

Synovial fluid is obtained by FILTERING BLOOD from capillaries in the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.

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12
Q

What chemical causes the slippery texture of synovial fluid?

A

Hyaluronic Acid

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13
Q

True or false: synovial fluid is also found in articular cartilages

A

True

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14
Q

The joint cavity is enclosed in….

A

The two layered articular capsule or joint capsule

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15
Q

The outer layer of the articular capsule is composed of…

A

dense irregular connective tissue (sac) (fibrous connective tissue)

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16
Q

True or False: The fibrous connective tissue outer layer is continuous with the periostea of the articulating bones

A

True

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17
Q

THe inner layer of the articular capsule is called the _____ ______ and made of _______.

A

The inner layer of the articular capsule is called the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE and made of LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

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18
Q

The two layers of the articular capsule are the outer _____ and the inner ________.

A

The two layers of the articular capsule are the outer FIBROUS LAYER and the inner SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.

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19
Q

What are the two classifications of joints?

A

Structural and Functional

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20
Q

What are the three types of structural joints?

A

Fibrous, Catilaginous, Synovial

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21
Q

What are the three types of functional joints?

A

Synarthroses/synarthrotic, Amphiarthroses/amphiarthrotic, and diarthroses/diarthrotic

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22
Q

What is the difference between a synarthrotic joint and an amphiarthrotic joint?

A

Synarthrotic joints don’t move or move only a tiny bit; amphiarthrotic can move a little bit

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23
Q

Increased range of movement in a joint makes it LESS/MORE stable?

A

Less stable

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24
Q

True or False: A high stability joint is likely to be highly movable

A

False: as the stability of a joint increases, the movability decreases

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25
Q

Fibrous joints are MORE/LESS movable than Synovial joints?

A

Fibrous allow for LESS movement than Synovial

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26
Q

True or False: Diarthrotic joints are mainly in the appendicular skeleton?

A

True

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27
Q

True or False: Cartilaginous Joints are always synarthrotic.

A

False. Cartilaginous can have varying amounts of movement, though less than synovial overall

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28
Q

Suture means _____ in Latin

A

“Seam”

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29
Q

Why do we have sutures in our skull?

A

They allow our skull to expand as our brain grows in development before sealing shut in adulthood

30
Q

In Fibrous joints, bones are joined by _____ _______ of connective tissue

A

Collagen Fibers

31
Q

A skull suture that has ossified is called a…

A

Synostosis (bony junction)

32
Q

A synostosis is a…

A

area between bones that ossifies and closes

33
Q

Fibrous joints are MOST/LEAST immovable of all

A

Most immovable (synarthrotic)

34
Q

Three types of fibrous joints:

A

Gomphoses, Syndesmoses, Sutures

35
Q

In adulthood/middle age, what happens with the skull?

A

Sutures fuse shut (ossifies) called Synostoses

36
Q

Why are there fibrous gaps in the skull in babies?

A

It allows the skull to flex as it passes through the birth canal.

37
Q

What are the two main locations for syndemoses?

A

radioulnar (2 per forearm) and tibiofibular (2 per leg)

38
Q

What factor affects the movement possible in a syndesmoses?

A

It varies slightly by fiber length

39
Q

What is a Gomphosis? Where is it located?

A

“Peg in socket” fibrous joint. Joint holding tooth in alveolar process

40
Q

True or False: The shoulder is a gomphosis joint

A

False. Gomphoses are only in the teeth socket

41
Q

Gomphoses, Syndesmoses, and Sutures are all examples of…

A

Fibrous Joints

42
Q

“Chondro-“ prefix refers to…

A

Cartilage

43
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and Symphoses

44
Q

Do cartilaginous joints have a joint cavity?

A

No

45
Q

What defines cartilaginous joints?

A

Articulating bones are held together by cartilage

46
Q

What is a synchondrosis? Give an example of a synchondrosis.

A

A SYNARTHROTIC joint made of a BAR or PLATE of HYALINE CARTILAGE.
Ex: Epiphyseal plate in long bones of children before they ossify
Ex 2: Btw. costal cartilage of 1st rib and manubrium

47
Q

What type of joint is the epiphyseal plate in children, and what does it become after puberty?

A

Synarthrotic synchondrosis becomes a synostosis.

48
Q

What is the functional classification of a Symphysis?

A

Amphiarthrotic

49
Q

What two factors define a Symphysis?

A

It contains HYALINE CARTILAGE plus ARTICULAR CARTILAGE on bony surfaces?

50
Q

Give an example of a Symphysis.

A
  • Intervertebral discs

- Pubic Symphysis

51
Q

What defines a synovial joint?

A

A fluid filled articular capsule between the bones

52
Q

Describe Weeping Lubrication

A

Synovial Fluid squishes out of articular cartilage under pressure to create a slippery, weight-bearing film and is reabsorbed when pressure is released.

53
Q

What other interesting feature does synovial fluid contain?

A

It contains phagocytic cells that eat microbes and debris

54
Q

What does the Synovial Fluid do for articular cartilage?

A

Cushions, produces slip, and nourishes

55
Q

Reinforcing ligaments are _____-like in shape.

A

Reinforcing ligaments are STRAP-like in shape

56
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to Bone

57
Q

Intracapsular ligaments are covered with _____ ______ and are never _____ _____ as a result.

A

Intracapsular ligaments are covered with SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE and are never INSIDE THE CAVITY as a result.

58
Q

Thickened parts of fibrous cartilage that support a joint or attach bones are called _______

A

LIGAMENTS

59
Q

Bursa means ______ in Latin

A

“Purse” in Latin

60
Q

A BURSA is a ……

A

Flattened sac of fibrous membrane w/ synovial membrane and bit of synovial fluid

61
Q

A Bursa’s job is to…

A

Reduce friction between ligaments and bones

62
Q

True or False: A Bursa is part of a Synovial Joint?

A

False, it is a separate entity

63
Q

An elongated Bursa that wraps around a tendon is called a…

A

Tendon Sheath

64
Q

Tendon sheaths are found in areas of ____ _____ such as _____.

A

Tendon sheaths are found in areas of HIGH FRICTION such as WRISTS.

65
Q

What type of tissue make up the fibrous membrane of Bursae?

A

Dense IRREGULAR (sac)

66
Q

What 3 Factors affect Joint Stability?

A

1) Muscle Tone
2) Shapes of Articular Surfaces (how well bones fit together)
3) # and positioning of ligaments

67
Q

When an articular surface is large or a socket is deep, how does this affect stability?

A

It is MORE STABLE

68
Q

How is stability affected when articular surfaces are shallow or shapes are non-complementary?

A

LOWER stability

69
Q

True or False: Stretched ligaments stay stretched

A

True

70
Q

A higher number of ligaments leads to…

A

HIGHER STABILITY

71
Q

What is the difference between ORIGIN and INSERTION points?

A

ORIGIN are for IMMOVABLE or LESS MOVABLE bones; INSERTION is for MORE MOVABLE bones (combine the two for movement)

72
Q

Contraction occurs when muscle pulls the INSERTION/ORIGIN towards the INSERTION/ORIGIN.

A

Contraction occurs when muscle pulls the INSERTION towards the ORIGIN.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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